IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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33  WIST  MAIN  STRUT 

WIBSTIR.N.Y    I4SI0 

(716)  873-4503 


N 


&. 


L<',- 


^. 


K- 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Histcrical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiq 


ues 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


n 


D 


D 


D 
D 


D 


n 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I      I    Covers  damaged/ 


Couverture  endommag^e 


Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaur^e  et/ou  pelliculde 


I      I    Cover  title  missing/ 


Le  titre  ue  couverture  manque 


I      I    Coloured  maps/ 


Cartes  g^ogrcphiques  en  couleur 


Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Ence  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


I      I    Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 


Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Relid  avc<>  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cai'se  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  re  Mure  serree  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  intdrieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  poss**^  'e,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajoutdes 
lor&  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  dlait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6t6  filmdes. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppl^mentaires; 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  §td  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-dtre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  mdthode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiquds  ci-dessous. 


D 
D 
D 
D 
D 

n 

n 

D 
D 

n 


Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagdes 

Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaurdes  et/ou  pellicul6es 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  d^colordes,  tachet^es  ou  piqudes 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  ddtachdes 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

Quality  of  print  varies/ 
Quality  in^gale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  materiel  suppldmentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  6x6  filmdes  d  nouveau  de  fapon  d 
obtenir  la  meillaure  image  possible. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  filmd  au  taux  de  reduction  indiquA  ci-dessous. 

10X  14X  HX  22X 


26X 


30X 


y 

16X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


}laire 
»s  details 
ques  du 
nt  modifier 
Kiger  une 
Je  filmage 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Harold  Campbell  Vaughan  Memorial  Library 
Acadia  University 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


L'examplaire  filmd  fut  reproduit  grace  d  la 
g6n6rosit6  de: 

Harold  Campbell  Vaughan  Memorial  Library 
Acadia  University 

Les  images  suivantes  ont  6t6  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettet§  de  I'exemplaire  filmd,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contriit  de 
filmage. 


d/ 
:)u6es 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  ^^  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimde  sont  filmds  en  commenpant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  selon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  film^s  en  commenpant  par  la 
premidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  appara?tra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  —^  signifie  'A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN". 


aire 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
film^s  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diff^rents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  cliche,  il  est  film6  d  partir 
de  Tangle  supdrieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  n^cessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  m6thode. 


by  errata 
led  to 

ent 

une  pelure, 

fapon  h 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

32X 


^srjmj£tmmj,^r&wi^i0^ifymf 


^0^ 


o 


• 


REVISED   EDITION 


3S 


^ 


I 


Vkiw  of  Fort  Mackinac  from  the  Southwest. 


^1 1 


J(:.3 


ANNALS 


^  a 


"t 


OF 


'    45 


Fort  Mackinac 


liV 


DWKiMT    H.    KELTON 

I  I  HI    1.    r.    ^.    AKMN-. 


1  S  S  :} . 


CllrCV 


Entered  accordin-  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1S83.  by 
DWIGHT  H.  KELTON, 

In  the  cilice  of  the  Librarian,  of  ConLjress,  at  Washington. 


i 


1 


I'UINIKIi    i'N 

Till';  DiiTkoir  1m^i:k   I'k-ks,  C". 


I 


883.  i^y 


ungton. 


I 


a    /9    7    (:> 


im 


rill  IK 


T 


i|     A. I. lit 

lici'c   ;iiii 

tVoiii  rcl 

ury,  Sm 

M        Facts 

*         IIk'  II 

liiir.  ill  ( 

<»f   toiiri 

Spirirs,'" 

«       Mo>t 

lu'L'll      ])l-( 

iiiap    of 
Father  I 

'^  Aiiiuii 
or  less  i 
Jacker, 
i;ravL' ;  a 
any  livin 
lieautiful 
1  Kiirisrs 
ri(»ii  of  ^ 

m       Anion 

nii)i»i,i:, 
<^siiuH'  (.le^ 


GREETING. 


ry^l  1  K  cVTiiiiii;-  (.t  iiiK'thcr  loll  Li'  M  ;i('l<  iliac  will  tef  ha\'i'  lircii 
-L  spfiit  i'.'\i>i!ii:-.  ('••rii'ctiiiu' and  aiii[>lifyini;'  tlii'  "  AiiiiaU 
of  l'"ort  Mackinac'" 

Additional  iiiarrci"  ha-  liccii  olitaincd  troiii  ori^imd  records 
luM'c  and  i-l-cwlu-rc ;  jicrriiirnr  niattci'  lia>  al>o  hci-n  culled 
iVoiii  I'cliaMc  autlioririo  and  IVoin  ri'cor(l>  in  rlic  l'.  S.  Ti'cas- 
un.  Stare  aii'l  Wai'  I  )c]>ai'tni('nr>. 

l'"act>  lia\"c  hccii  >iin|)l_v  and  lirictiy  >tarc(l. 

The  inanitx-ript  tor  ;i  miicli  lari:cr  hook  lia>  l»ccii  pi'cparctl  ; 
liiit.  in  order  to  adapt  the  hook  to  the  \\ant>  of  the  thon-aiids 
of  tonri>r-  who  anniiall\'  vi>it  the  '*  I>le  ot  the  Dancinii' 
Spirits/'  many  >iil)ject.-  have  lieen  omitted. 

Mo>r  of  the  view>  of  scenery  are  eiitii'ely  new.  ha\  iiii;- 
hceii  prepared  e>[)ecially  for  the  "  Annal>."  a>  wa-  al.~o  the 
map  id'  "Ancient  ^^i(dlilima(d<.illae,"  the  latter  Ky  Uev. 
I'\ither  I'M  ward  daidver. 

AiiioiiM'  the  poi'trait>  there  an-  >e\'eral  (d'  [•ei'>on.-.  all  more 
or  les>  li'enerally  known,  anioiiu'  them  that  (d  Ue\.  l'"ather 
♦hudcei',  world-reiiowiied  as  the  discoverer  (d"  ^TaiNpiette's 
i:ra\'e;  al>o  that  (d'  ('ol.  P.  Doiian.  who  ha>  done  nnn'e  than 
any  lixdnii'  man.  as  author  (d'  new>paper  article-  and  »d'  that 
l)eautiful  little  V(»hime.  *'  Mackinac  I>land.  the  \Vave-wa>hed 
Tourists'  I*aradi>e  nf  thi'  Tn.-alted  Seas."  to  di'aw  the  atten- 
tion of   American^  to  "The  Ensdianted  IsK'." 

Aiiioiil:'  othei>  I  am  umler  (»hliu.'ati<>n>  to  the  followinu': 

UrshVnKj  ilf  MilrliiiHr — 1)|:.  doiix  II.  l^Ainiiv.  Hon.  .lon.N 
IhnDi.i:,  ITox.  Wii.ia.vM  I*.  I*iM>ii»\.  Ami;ko-i:  I  )Avi;Ni'<>u'r 
i since  deceased). 


t>  (.K'KI.l  IX(.. 

U<s',,J',inj      l\Js,  <rji.  ,■'  — PllMK.     .1.     K\      irni.Mi;-.      Ukv.      |)|;. 

(ii:'»i:(,i;  il.  I)i  i  mkm),  ( i  i:\.  (  tim\  i.i;  S.  W<>i:mi:u.  Ai.anson 
Slll;F,I:^.  K-(,).,  IJki.a  1 1  r!;i:.\i::».  K-(,».,  !I<>.\.  1\  AV.  Fi:ki:v.  I*. 
I).  lli-si;i,r,.  K><,»..  (ii:.\.  II  wmijai.  I)\^.  (ii.\.  <  ).  ^^.  I*«»i;. 
(m;x.  (i.  \Vi;ir/.i;r..  ('oi..  i'\  V .  l""Ai:(,)riiAi;.  ( n:.N.  U.  ( '.  Dimm, 
II.  11.  II L  i:i.i;r  I'.  K-«,»..  L^^I\.\  C  L>k\i'i;!j,  D.  S.  Diu'imi:. 
("i>i..     1*.    I)«-NA\,     La  w  i:i;.\(  i:     Kkiioi:.    K-(j..     Ki\.    I>iii<«ki: 

II  .vNhl  MAX.    IIoX.   .1.   (i.   Siii;a.    Ui;V.    Im  (W  A  KI  >  >!  A(  K  IIJ. 

Snacc  ill  tills  .-mail  xi.linuc  will  luit  .illnw  me  r<i  iiicntion  l»v 
iianu'  flic  iiiaiiv  rr('()i'(ls.  iiiaiiiix'i'iiM.-  aii<l  linok-  ('(iii^uht.'d. 


Ill 


/yn^-ix^LjM^ 


F-ii;r   Ma(  Ki;..\(  .  M  v  ii.. 


Fnirv  Arch. 


Rr.v.     !)i;. 

.     Al.AXSoX 

).  M.    Poi:. 

.   (  '.    DlJIM, 

S.    DrinMK. 
\'.    I>iiw.i:i: 


iiiciitinii  liy 
'ii>iilr(:(l. 


i 


:■*»..  m*^' 


^0^j2/jr 


TIm-  I 

Jl  '-^/l  1  // 

Jl  ts/t  lit 

(  >t;i\v;i  : 

o 

ii'iii'i     1* 
Iii(li;iiis] 
(Mimn-y 

1 

to  ;i  lai'i, 

1^ 

CD 

>iil;i  of 

O 

rh.'  I>lai 

o 


z 
< 


Kriiiiilfi' 

It    \VJI.> 

l'a>i>   111! 

Illdlltll    n 
olllv   till' 


The  •• 
licctnl  \( 
illbl  will 
tiiral  niii 
liiTii  t rai 
tiMcIifiidi 
«>iii-  liidi 


i 


-y, 


ANCIENT  MICHILIMAKINAC. 


^ 


N 


< 


o 
z 
< 


Tlif  imiiu'  NEicliirmiakiiKic.  or.  ;i>  the  Indiini-  pi'oiinuiK-f  ir. 
M !.'<ht II ! iinili ninxj.  i>i'iii)('i'ly  >iii'niHc> '•  'I'lic  ciiiiiiri-N-  t.f  rlic 
M'tsJii it't iiiiih'i ."       (Tims,    i Hii ii'ii nil inj,    rlic    (•(iimrrv  ot     the 

(  )l;iw;i  :     ^>A7/ /*/'/'•'//'///_'/.  rlic  CI  iillltl'V    itf    the  (  )  jiliN\;i  :     (f.s<ii/i- 

/''//^'/ I  l']iiirli>li.  ^;i,i:'ii>a\v  |.  rlic  cuimrrv   ot'  rlic   <  >>aki,  df  Sac 
Imliaiis).    Ami.  ill  facr.  the  rcnii  "  Micliiliiiiackiiiac."  ni.  ••  tlic 
country  of  Micliiliiiiackiiiac."  wa>  Ky  tlic  early  l'"i'(  im-Ii  applied 
to  a  lai'ii'c  porrioii  ot'   the  ea>tci'ii    halt'  of   rhe    Ippcr    I'eiiiii 
>iila  of    Micliiu'aii. 

I'.y  (lcui'ce>  rhe  teiMii  \va>  ri'>rricreil  ro  t!ic  I'^ri-iicli   and    In 
dian    .-crrlciiieiit>   oii    cirhev   >idt'  ni  tlu'  >trair.  and  linally  to 
rhe  I>land  of   Mackinac. 

The  I'Vciicli  Lii  I*ni,,f,  ,1,  St.  lijHih'  hatl  like\\i>e  a 
iiroadei' >ii:'niHcarion  than  the  proeiir  Poinr  Sr.  lu'iiace. 

Ir  \va>  applieil  ro  tiie  whole  ^\i  rhe  lirrle  peninsula  \\lio>c 
ha>i>  may  he  detincil  \^\  a  line  drawn  <lue  \ve-t  fi-oni  the 
month  of  ('arp  Kivcr  to  Lako  Michii-aii.  <  Mil'  map  >ho\v> 
only  the  .■southern  half  of   it. 

EAKLIKST    IMIAIUTANTS. 

The  •*  Ancienr  miiH'i->"  of  uppcf  Mi<'lii::an  pi'ohahly  con 
necte(|  with  the  "  Mound  l»iiilder>  "  ot  the  Mi>-«i>-ip|»i  \*alle\  , 
and  with  rhe  Tolrec>  and  A/.rec-,  may  ha\e  had  an  ai:ricid- 
tiiiMl  our-po>t  at  St.  lii'uace.  T!ie  \-e>riii'e>  ot  a  niound  liaxc 
Iieeii  traced  in  the  nciuhlioi'hooil  of  I'oint  I, a  Dai-hc.  .No 
tiMilirioii.  however,  ret'ci'i'inu'  '"  rhat  people  i^  found  ann^ny' 
our  Indian-.      The  eai-lic-t    iidiahitant-    known    to    the    lattei- 


\%\ 


1  ' 


1 


1(1 


ANNAI.-    'M-     I'llM     ,MA(  KIX.\( 


^\•('l•('  tilt'  M's/nii! iii'tk/,  i)\\  ;i>  rlii'V  in»\v  call   tlu'tii.    Jf/'s/uni- 

iiiiil,' I  nil(l<). 

A('''<>r<liiii;'  r<)  the  >tat('mt'iit  uf  a  t'ou'  still  siii'viviiio-  at  the 
time  <»t'  the  Fivih'h  uccupatiuii.  that  tribe  \\'a.->  all  hut  exter- 
uiiuatc'l  hy  th(i  Ir<M|nui>.  in  retaliation  fur  a  successful  raid 
made  hv  tlieiii  intu  tlit uutrv  of   the  latter. 


I 


I 


I 


I 


KARL" 


.lohti 

(  Tl't.'Cll 

man  th; 
the  littl 
Fro  1 1 
he  liieai 
at  that 

Ihlt    N 

lia\'e  m 
year>  la 
(•(  ip^eijii 

liur-'U 
I  lav. 
trihe    '> 
'|Uoi-.  1 
tivaf.  h( 
e\|UM'ta 
Bay.  a  I 
Som 
Mackiu 
oiitates 
youii::' 

oil  tliei 
slllilliie 

( '.inada 
A  liioin 
Thr 

N  icolas 


I 


WCli.N  r    MI<   IIII.IMAKl.NAi 


11 


M is/i  in  I- 


iiiii'  at   the 
)ut   exter- 


KARLV    FUKXCII    VISITORS.    AND     TKANSIKXT 

INDIAN   SKTTLKRS. 

-lolni  Niciilet.  'tn  ]\\<  rciiiarkaMc  joiiniuy  fVoiii  ('ana<la  t<> 
(irct'ii  i*»ay — alxnit  Itl.'U — was  undouhrcdlv  tlic  tiist  wliitr 
man  tli.it  >a\v  tlic  Island  <>t"  ^[ackiiiac.  and.  cua.-tinii'  an>un<l 
the  little  peninsula,  entci'ed  Lake  ^[i('llil:•an. 

From  the  incau're  account  left  i.)i  lii>  joiirncv.  nntliiiiLT  can 
he  liicaned  rci^'anlino- the  inhahitants  of  the  ATackinac  c«innti'V 
at  that  jieriod. 

Hut  whatevei'  Indian  ])o|>ulati.»n  that  inti'cjiid  tiMNcK'i' may 
ha\c  met  tliei'c.  the  whole  nci^'hhoi'lHMxl  was  doerted  twenty 
\v\\\'>  later,  when  the  ascendancy  u'aiiied  hy  the  Iro(jiiois  in 
cop-ei|Uence  of  their  de>t-nu-ti\-e  on>lani;iit  on  the  Ilnroiis 
<ir»4'.h,  had  comiH'lle(l  all  the  little  Ali:'on<|uin  clan-  on  Lake 
Huron  to  >eek  >afei' i|Uarrei'-  .pu  Lake  SupeiMoi'  and  (ifecn 
l»av.  In  hi.'tl.  <»r  ]»erh;i|>>  the  xcar  followiiii:'.  the  >mall 
trihe  of  'ri(»nontate  Iluron-.  on  rhi'ii'  tliii'ht  hefore  rlic  Iro- 
(|Uoi-,  reached  Mackinac,  .ind  deemiii;^'  the  inland  a  >afe  re- 
ti'eat.  held  it  foi-  ahout  two  year>  :  hut  hein^'  deeei\-ed  in  rlieir 
e\|iecration.  reti'eateil  ro  the  i>land>  at  the  month  "»f  (ii-een 
IJay.  and  latei"  on.  to  its  head. 

Some  <d'  the  old  cleai'iiiu'.-  wlii(di  dot  tlie  woodeij  part  (d' 
M.ickinac  l>land  may  date  hack  to  that  period,  foi-the  Tioii- 
oiifates  were  tillei's  uf  the  >oil.  In  the  autumn  of  Hl.M,  two 
youiiii'  I-'reiitdinien.  convoyed  ]\\  Indian>,  pa.->"'d  Ma(d<inac, 
on  their  way  to  ( ireeii  I'.ay.  They  I'epassed  the  i>lan<l  in  the 
summer  of  l<i;»i;.  with  tifty  c;inne>  lad.en  with  fur  for  the 
('.iiiada  market,  ami  maiini'd  hy  live  huiKired  Huron-,  and 
Alu'oiiipiins. 

The  ne\t  I'Veiichmaii  known  to  ha\'e  pa>,-ed  the  >trait  was 
Nicolas  I'eri'ot.  to    wlio.-e    Mfnn>lfs    we   are    indehted    for   a 


\-2 


WNAI.S    OF    I-OKT    M.\(   KIX.\( 


])i»iMi(>ii  of  what  \\"('  kilow  of  tho>e  carlv  tinics.  IK'  I'unlc 
lii>  liisr  joiinicy  to  ( irccii  iJav  aKoiir  It'i*;,").  I-i'oinrliat  date 
<lo\\ii  toTlu'ciHl  of  tile  (•(■iirui'v.  PciTot  ^vas  a  fri-(|iUMit  \i>i- 
toi'  at  Mackinac,  ami  on  >oni('  occ<i>ion>  played  ,i  coii-|)iciioii> 
part  ill  tlic  ti'aii>action>  iK'twccii  iii>  (•(»iintrvn)"ii  and  tltc  In- 
<iians  at  that  po>t.  At  Icnu'th  the  IMack  (rown  ai'i'ivcd. 
Fath'-r  ( "laiidc  Allouc/  \va>  the  first  of  the  floiiit  mi— ion- 
;iric>  who  -aw  the  far-famed  island.  He  had  left  /.'/  I*<>'iii1< 
'hi  St.  h.^~j)rir  on  Lake  Su|)erior  in  the  >ummei'  oi'  l<;r,:t.  imd 
started  from  Sault  Ste.  Marie.  NoN'emltei' .'ird.with  two  French 
<'ompaiU(»n>  ami  some  Pottawatomie  Indian>.  I'rom  .\o\-em- 
Iter  ."(th  to  1  Itli.  he  lav  wind  ami  >iiow-l)oiind  on  "  Fittle  St. 
Mai'tinV  l.-!nnd."  to  wlii(di  he  |)!'ol)ahl_v  u'axi'  it>  nanu-.  the 
day  td'  hi>  tleparture  heinu' St.  Martin's  day.  ('i'os>inii'  <'Ver 
fi-om  '"  lliu' St.  Mai'tinV  F-land '"  t«»  the  op[)osite  shore,  he 
met  two  i'Veiichmeii  and  a  few  Indian-,  who  eiideax  «ii'e('  in 
vain  to  make  him  de>i>t  from  hi>  intended  vi>it  to  (iieen 
l»ay.  so  late  in  the  >ea>on. 

Whih;  ('<)astinu'  aloii^-  the  >hore.  with  the  i>land  in  view, 
the  nn>sionary  li.-teneil  with  'pleasure  to  the  recital,  hy  his 
Indian  companions,  cd"  some  (d'  the  h.'iivnds  whi(di  the  author 
<m'  Hiawatha  ha>  |»nt  into  Fn<i'lish  ver>e.  Hiawatha  i>  the 
Mi'iiadxoho.  (»r  NenadH»ho.  of  the  Alii<tii(pnn>  :  and  the 
Island  of  Ma(d-;inac  wa>  considered  a>  hi>  hirthplace  :  and 
aii'ain.  after  tlu'  tlood,  as  the  locality  where  that  (dvili/.er  of 
mankind,  ohservinii'  a  spider  weaxiiiii'  its  we!»,  invented  the 
art  of  iishinii'  with  n'ill-nets.  l-'ather  All<»ue>^  rea(die(l  the 
head  id'  (ti'eeii  Pay  after  a  niontii's  jonriuw  full  td  hardship 
a!id  iiei'il. 


\ 


A 


TllK   .\ 


In  t 
as  Supe 
jMiint  m 

place  oi 
Super 
the  fatli 
the  >l>ot 
\il!au'e 

A  feV 
auti  [»ei' 


r 


ini:'  Ti" 
that  ren 


reaclieu 

an<l  re\t 

now  A> 

in   1  •'><».'». 

the  can 

pany  th 

The  1 

at  the  I 

French 

rea(die«l 

The 

and  hui 

sonu'  ii 

not  a  V 
\vhi<di 


.\.\(  IKNI     MK   lin.ri  AKIXAf 


n 


lie    ''i;i(l(.' 

that   (latr 

iK'iit    \i>i- 

»lis|)icil(>!l> 

1"!  rlif    Iii- 

1  ni'i'ivod. 
\    iiii»iuii- 

\'«i  I'Vi-ncli 
1  N'lVt'iii- 
Lirrlc  Sr. 
i.'iiiu'.  rlic 

^Imrc.  he 
i\(irc('  ill 
ti>    (iiccii 

ill  view, 
L  I>_v  his 
It'  author 
la    i>    the 

and  the 
ace  ;  and 
.'ilizur  of 
ntt'd  the 
cOrmI   the 

lanUhi]) 


i 

4 


TllK   MISSION   OF  ST.   K  tN  ATI  IS  -  FATII  KK  MAIi- 
(JIKTTK-IIIS  (  IIAI'KL. 

In  rhc  lall  "if  I<i7".  r'atlici'  ( 'lande  l)ahh>ii.  in  hi>  cajiacity 
as  Siipcrioi"  of  th  •  .I('>-uir>  «»n  tlu'  uitpcr  hiko.  >('hx'r«,'(l  the 
jtoint  iiorrli  nf  the  >rrair.  then  tiivr  calh'd  /,''  Poinh  '/>  Sf. 
I<ln<ir, .  a>  the  >'\U'  (it'  a  new  iiii.—  ioiiary  rsralili^hnu'iit  in  the 
|ilact'itt'  the  iiii>>ioii  ar  /,<'  Pninfr  i/n  Sf  I'.'sjirif.  nii  \a\\<v 
Su|i<jiMi>r.  rhcii  <>n  the  puinr  of  liciiiii'  ahaiidoin-d.  <  hie  of 
rhf  tarht'is.  nio>t  likely  i)ai)loii  hini>('ll'.  .-]M'nr  the  winti'i'  on 
the  >[)or.  in  all  prohahiliry  within  the  limit-  ot'  the  [irocnt 
village ''f   St.  liiiiacc.  and  put  up  .-oiiu- pro\i.-ional  Imildiiiiis. 

A  few  Indian-  only,  wintered  in  the  neii;lil>orliood.  hut  new 
and  pennancnt  x'tth-is  wci'e  t'\pectc<l  ;  tir>t  of  all  the  waihlcr- 
iiiu'  Tioiiojitate  Huron-.  Leaviiiu'  (Trccii  Hay.  l»i;>t'.  or  lt;r>7. 
that  reiiiarkahlc  (dan,  then  (•on>i.-tinL!,'  of  ahoiit  r»(Mt  >oul>.  had 
reached  'he  Cppcr  Mi>sis>ippi.  and  after  iiiany  ailvciiturcs 
and  rt'Veiso.  tiiially  >cttlf(l  on  the  i5ay  of  Sliai:a waniin'oiiu' — 
now  A>liland  \\\\\\  ^Vi>.-  -where  FathiT  Alloue/  met  them 
in  I'lt'i."*.  Since  the  autumn  of  l*'itl'.>.  they  hail  heeii  under 
the  care  <tf  I'atiier  Maripiette,  who  wa>  now  (ir»71i  toaccom- 
pany  them  l)acd<  to  the  Ma(d<inac  counti'v. 

Till'  party  ai'rived  at  St.  Iiiiiace  toward.-  the  end  oi'  .liiiie. 
at  the  earliest,  for  at  the  i^'reat  ^-atherinii'  <d'  Imlians  and 
l''r(,'nch  in  Saidt  Ste.  Marie,  .luiie  lltli,  they  had  not  yet 
I'l'acdied  the    Rapids. 

The  exact  .-ite  <d'  j-'athei"  Mar([Ui'ttt''s  temporary  chapel 
and  hut  (cahaiie)  is  imt  known.  It  appears,  liowe\'er,  t'rom 
some  incidental  remarks  in  that  Fatliei'*s  repoi't  and  in  a  latei- 
li<l<if'niii,  that  tlio,-e  humhle  huildiiiiis  .-tood  at  some,  fliouoh 
not  a  very  eoUNlderahle,  distance  from  the  iliirtni  foi'l  near 
whieli   the   second   clniridi    was    huilt.     On     Deeemher    ^th 


11 


A.WAI.-    (<]■     IdlM     M.\<KI.\A(  . 


lt'>7L\  .lolicT  arrive]  wirli  di-dt'is  iVoin  tlic  (-rdNC'i'iior  of  Xcw 
!•  raiicc  aiitl  the  Sijjx'i'ior  of  tlu'  tl(_'.-iiir>  iii  Qiieltt'c  fui-  I-'athcr 
MaiNjiiette.  tf  .I'-coiiipaiiy  liiiii  on  hi-  jitiiriiev  of  (li>co\crv. 
Tilt'  partv  sp'.'iir  the  winter  in  St.  luiiacc.  and  .-tai'te*!  ^^a_v 
ITrli.  1<)7'">.      At  that  time   the    IIui'on>   in    St.    I^'iiacc    num 

Son II'  (>"  (  )ta\va>  of  tlic  Siiuii^-o  elan  had  latclv  Joined  tliein. 


•  ^P 


riiK  iiriioN  Foirr.  -sKC'oxi)  ciiriicii. 

In  the  x'coiid  year  of  ^[a^'^llette"^  star,  the  Tionontates 
iH'Li'aii  to  liuild  tlieir  fort  or  palisaded  \illai:e.  xVecordinii'  to 
Lalloiitan's  plan,  it  (»eeupie<l  ahont  the  middle  <jf  the  level 
ii'i'<tund  sni-ronndinu'  Kast  Moi-an  !5a_v.  Ai:  1  vheiv  it  re- 
mained niitil  the  Iluroiis*  departnre  foi'  Detroit,  ahont  17<'2. 
S(»o'i  after  ^ranpiette*.-  departure.  I'athei's  Ileiirv  Xouvel  and 
riulip  i'ierson,  ahandonini:'  the  old  site,  hnilt  a  sidi>tantial, 
thonu'h  small,  ehurtdi  and  an  adjoininu'  ivsiiU'iiee.  pr(»teeted. 
after  the  fa>hion  of  the  times,  hy  a  palisade  e)ielo>ure.  In 
thi-  new  chnreh  Father  ManpietteV  remains  were  interred, 
.luiu'  inh.  1<'»77. 

Tlu're  can  he  no  donl»tah(»nt  it>  position.  The  .le>uit>'  re. 
poi't  of  1(;7>'  places  it  in  clo-e  proximity  to  tlu  Huron  foi't. 
So  does  Lallontan.  in  i<»^S,  IIi,-«  plan  show>  it  south  oi  tin- 
joi't  or  Nillau'e.  from  which  he  says:  "It  is  only  .separated 
hy  a  palisade  eiiclo-ure-." 

And  tlu're  it  uin'  "uhtedlv  remained  until  it>  de.-truetiou 
1)V  lii'e,  ahout  I7'>''>. 


A I 

Soon  a 
and  kind 
the  name 
on  the  ^ 
Jesuits*  r 
Indian>  t 
"  Sittini;' 
dwell  inn' 
cordiuii'  t 
hark, 
later  liist< 
tion,  som 
oojitainet 
heinir  tha 


s^  V, 


ANCIKN  I     Ml(   IIII.IM.\KIN.\C. 


i:. 


•  1'  of  ^ew 
tor  Father 
(li>co\('rv. 
AVtcd  ^^av 
lacc    iiuin- 

iiicd  tiiciii. 


:rn. 

idiioiirares 
•'•rdii.iU'  t<» 

tlU'     ll'Nci 

t'l'e  it  I'e- 
M.itt  17"l'. 
oiivcl  and 
il»>taiitial, 
[•rotecti'd, 
lire.  Ill 
interred, 

esiiits'  i-e. 

on    toi't. 
\\[   (d'  (lie 

e|>ai"ate(l 

'>triieti(»n 


AL(i()X«jriN    VIl.LA(iK  AND  CIICKCII. 

Soon  after  ]Man|iiette">  departure.  >e\('rai  e!an>  of  (  >fa\\"as 
;ind  kind  \  1  triho — all  eonii)ri>ed  I'V  the  ini-.-ionarie-  under 
the  name  (d'  Alu'<.)n(juins — made  tlieii'  appearance  and  >ettle<j 
on  the  slioi'e  of  I^ake  Huron,  a  little  over  two  mile>  fi'oni  the 
.Iesuit>'  residence,  aeeordini^'lv  near  the  hlulf  called  hy  the 
.lmlian>  the  "  She  Itahhit."  south  (d'  the  •'lie  Iial»l)it.""  oi' 
'•Sitting-  liahhit  "  (  Kal)I)it's  I5a(d<).  Here  too  a  (diurch.  and  a 
dwellinii'  house  for  tlie()ta\va  nn»ionai'_v.  were  hiiilt.  Ac- 
cording t(»  Hennepin,  vlio  otHciateil  in  ir.  it  wa>  covei'ed  with 
Itai'k.  In  J<>71».  l.awSalle  hon<»r(M]  it  with  his  \i>it.  ()f  it> 
later  hist(»r_v  nothing  i.-  k'liown.  l>e>ide>  a  tloatinii'  pnpida- 
tion,  sometimes  not  incon>iderahle.  the  "Algoinpiin  \illai:('"' 
contained,  in  U»77,  as  many  a-  l."><">  soiil>.  the  principal  clan 
heiiiii'  tliat  of  tln'  Ki>hkako. 


'Yi 


! 


It; 


A.\X.\[.>    "I      IMIM     M.\<   Kl.\\(. 


I<^ 


IJEMOVAI.  OF  TIIK  AlJiONiJl'lX   VIlJ.A(iK. 

I/iIIoiitati.  wlir     isircii  Sr.  Iuii;ic<'  in   ilic   -prin^'   ol'    It!^^, 
i>  silciir    ;il)i»iir    til  iiurcli    aiul    suttlciiiciit.    lnit    places   an 

nta'.va  xillaii'c  in  the  iniiniMlia.rc  ni'im'liltoi-lKiod  <({'  tlir  IItii'i>ns, 
(»!i  Ka>r  .Afiii'an  Hay,  sti;tiiiii'  at  rlic  same  tiiiu'  that  tlui'inii'  lii> 
stay,  till-  (  )tav\'as.  ai>|)r('lu'ii(linii'  sonu;  trDiiMc  with  their 
lIui'Kii  friends,  he^'aii  ti>  fortify  theni>elves  on  a  neiiz'hliorinn' 
hlutf.  I'Voni  thi>  it  wouM  appear  that  tlie  ^VIi;'(»n(piin>.  oi- 
Otawas — a  name  then  applied  to  nio>t  id"  the  iiorth\\"e>tern 
AlL:on<jnins — had.  within  the  la-t  few  yeai's,  moved  ahout 
two  nnles  sonth.  The  former  presence  of  an  Indian  popula- 
tion on  the  hlnif  ahove  that  part  (d'  St.  Ii:iiace  [)opularlv 
call'MJ  ••  T/V''  P<><']k  y  is  provtMJ  \v<  the  numerous  articles  of 
Indian  and  French  mamifacture  ]>louii'hed  up  there  liy  >oine 
of  the  pi'i'>ent  settlei's.  The  local  tradition  also  places  a  furt 
on  that  hi::ht. 


i 


^> 


aire. 


»? 


If 


AN'ciKNr    MK  IIII.IM  AKI.V  AC. 


Il.LAdK. 


te; 


THE  OTAAVA   VILLAGK  AT  (iKos  CAI'. 


Ill::'   "'I    1»!^"^. 

lit  |»i;|C('.->  ;iii 
t  the  1 1  uiMiis. 
at  (I'li'iiiii'  lii> 
•  '  \v]\\i  rlicii- 
iiciii'liliKriii^' 

U'i>II(jllill>.     (»!• 

iii'i'tliwori'i'ii 
iiitvi'd  al)(»iir 
I'liaii  pupnla- 
I'C  [)()j)lll;il'l_V 
s  ai'ticlcs  of 
vvc  \>y  sonic 
l>la('('>  a  toiT 


III  lt)77.  nr  shortly  Itct'oi't',  another  hodv  of  Aluoii(|ni!is — 
(  )ra\vas  [»ro])crly  so  called — caiiiL'  to  swell  the  Indian  popula- 
tiiiii  of  St.    lii'iiace. 

Tliev  >t'ttlcd.  it  a|»[)ears.  on  the  shore  ot"  Lake  Michiii'aii, 
hetween  P<)iiit  La  15arl»e  and  (iros  ('ap.  This  a>snnij)tion 
r-ceiiis  necessary  to  I'ceoneile  the  statcinenrs.  in  the  Jesuits' 
rcjtort  of  1<>7S.  rcii'ardini:"  the  respective  di.-rances  hetween 
their  residence  (Hear  the  Huron  villa<i:ei  and  the  two  Indian 
settlements,  the  Alii"<»ii(piin  villa<j,(^  and  the  "New  <  )tawa 
\Illai:'e,"  The  existence  of  a  lai'ii'e  Otawa  settlenieiit  near 
(ii'(js  C"ap,  ill  niti'.l.  is  certain  from  the  acc(»unt  ;L:'iven  l>y  the 
Missit»nary  l^iisson  de  St.  (Jome  of  his  jtnirney  from  Macki- 
nac to  the  L<»wer  Mississip]>i.  The  party,  of  which  the 
nohki  Toiity  was  one,  sent  their  canoes  iiroimd  f/x  jionif  to 
The  (  )tawa  villau'e,  and  walked  theiiiseU'cs  across  the  '"  port- 
au'c."     The  villaii'e  counted  then  ahoiit  I. '•no  >onls. 

In  17«»:i,  these  Otawas  followed  Cadillac,  with  the  hulk  of 
the  Indian  jtopulation  of  St.  lii'nace,  t  his  new  estahlish- 
Mieiit  on  the  Detroit  river,  hut  soon  i'(  rui-ned  to  their  (>ld 
(piarters.  ami  finally  went  over  to  the  noi"thwe>tern  slioi'e  of 
Lower  Michiii'an.  where  their  descendants  aresrill  livini:'.  It 
was  durinii"  their  second  stiiv  on  West  Moran  Ww  that  the 
famous  trader  who  left  his  name  to  it  lived  amoni;'  them. 
The  remains  of  their  dead,  tou'ether  with  wampum,  <;iass 
heads  and  other  ai'ticles  of  Indian  and  I''i'ench  manufacture, 
arc  fre(juently  found  in  the  sandy  i:r<»iind  at  the  head  of  tlui 
little  I'av. 


.\\N.\I.>    <'l-     1-«>1M     M.\<'KINAr 


ST.   FUANXTS   noiailA'S  CIIAI'KL. 
I*'(>i'   rlic    ai-c(»iiiiiin(l;iti(iii    of     tlic     two     sc'ttleiiicii 


t>— tl 


le 


\V;i 


Ali;'on(|iiiii    \'illan-e    oil    I/iko    IIiii'oii.   and    the    new    ( )ta 
Yillaii'e  oil    l.ake    Micliiiiaii  —  Father    lleiirv   Xoiivel    luiilt   ; 
church    of  Itark    at   a   di.-raiice  of  alxnit  two  and  a  half   mile: 


fi 
1 


roMi  the    resident','    and    clinic 


h    (.f    St.    I^■nat 


u- 


anil,    ill 


lonor  of  the    tir.-t   u'enei-al    nf  rhe  socie 

•hiii'ch 


tv  wl 


m  >ent  nii»ion- 


arie.s  to  America,  named  it  the  church  of  St.  rranci>  iMiri,Ma. 
There,  with  l'"ather  iMijalran,  he  pa>sed  the  winter  of  lt;77-^. 
In  a  wii-'wam  adioiniiiii'  the  eliai)el.  leceivini:'  ami  in>ti'iictiim' 
dailv  freoiieiit  \  i>itort'  from  hotli  \illaii'e?.  We  do  not  know 
]io\\'  lotiii'  that  chapel  I'emained  in  use. 

Duluth,  who  spent  the  winter  of  ir.>(i-l  in  St.  Ii^iiace, 
still  li'ives  Father  Enialran  the  title  of  mi>.-ionarv  of  St. 
FVuiicis  Uoriiia. 

The  (snrinit«ed)  removal  of  the  Alo'onquins  fi'om  the  Kah- 
l)it  I>nttes  must  have  made  the  position  of  the  cha])el  i>olated, 
as  it  wa>  no  loim'er  c»n  the  thoroiiuhfare  hetween  the  two 
.settlements. 


« 


the  W 

was,  ail 

who  w| 

fol-t_V-t' 
locate 

alonu'  i 
As  a  n| 
excepti 
with  rl 


THE   FKEXUU  VILLAGE. 

The  [»resence  of  French  settlers  at  St.  lo-nace,  is  tir.-t  men- 
tioned at  the  c»ccasiuu  of  Father  ]\[ar<j^uette*s  Ijiirial.  Acc<.>rd- 
inii'  t(j  the  report  of  the  following  vear  (IG7S),  the  singing  at 
the  church  of  St.  Ignatius  was  alternately  in  Latin,  Huron  and 
French.  The  fur  and  corn  trade  kept  ])ace  with  the  increase 
of  the  Indian  pojuilation.  LaSalle's  ai'rival  on  the  (irilfoii 
(lt)7t^).    caused    (piite  a  stir  in    the  c»»iunierciai  metropolis  (d' 


.\.\(  li;.M-    MK   illI,IM.\KI\A( 


1!> 


h'liiclH: thf 

IK'W  Orawa 
'ii\cl  hiiilr  a 
a  half  miles 
in>;  ami,  in 
>L'\it  mi»i(iii- 
aii(.'i>  lloi'i^a. 
L'l'of  l'i77-,s, 
1  iiisri'iicriiii;' 
<lo  ]iut  km>\v 


rlic  West,  fui"  iiorliiii^'  los  rhaii  that  the  \'illa_ii'e  of  Sr.  Iii'liacc 
was.  and  rcmaim'd.  iiiitil  supplantcij  Uy  Ht'troit.  llriiiicj»iii, 
who  wintciHMl  at  the  ]wi>t  iHImi  1),  iiK'nti(»n>  lii>  iMirollini:; 
fort_v-tW()  tra(h'i's  into  a  ^('li^•iou^  conffat'Tiiity.  l.allonrati 
liicato  the  hoi]>i's  (»f  the  i'l'iMich  settlers  in  two  or  three  rows 
alonii'  till"  heixl  of  the  >hore.  south  of  the  .le.-iii  ^'  I't'sidence. 
As  a  matter  of  eouiv-e,  the  whole  I'Veneh  population,  with  the 
exception  of  a  few  lawles>  coi/,;  nr.s  ih  /mis,  (li>appeari'<l 
with  the  rem(»\'al  of  the  Vidians  to  l)eti'oit. 


I     il 

'it 


I  St.  Jij;nac'e, 
•iiarv   of   St. 

oni  the  I^ah- 
:i])el  i.-olated, 
neii   the   two 


^^iflf* 


f 


is  tijvt  nieii- 
1.  Aeei.u'd- 
e  siniiMim-  at 
Huron  and 
the  increasu 
the  (rriffun 
--^tropoh's  uf 


20 


.\.\.\.\l.>    III-     I-OIM     M.\(  KIN  \C 


HISTORICAL  EVENTS, 


CHUONOLOGK'ALLY  ARRAN(iED. 


ir»:M.  .laiiio  ('artier,  ;t  Freiiclimaii,  discovered  the  St. 
Lawi'ciice  I{i\ei', 

IGoS.      Saiuiiel  de  ( 'liaiiiplaiii  fi)Uiided  (^)iiel)ee. 

H!.'14.  .lolm  .\i(*()!('t  |i;is>es  the  >ti'aits  (tii  his  way  to  and 
from  ( ireeii  I'ay. 

1<»4'2.      The  city  of    Moiiti-eal  touinU'd. 

l(».->n  ."(l.  The  Indian  settlei's  of  the  neiu'hhorliood  to- 
«;'ether  witli  hiri:e  iiiindiers  from  Manitoidin.  ThmnU'r  \h\y 
and  Sa^^Miiaw.  mostly  <  )ta\vas.  iiitinddated  hy  Iro(jU(»is  |)i-o\ve>^ 
retire  to  ( ii'eeii   I'>ay. 

1(».'»M.  Ki^'ht  liiindi'cd  Ii'o(ju«»is  warrioi-s  pass  tlie  strait. 
Failini;"  to  take  tlie  IIuimii  foi't  on  (irecn  l>ay  after  a  pro- 
ti'acte(l  >iei:'('.  they  hreak  up.  one  di\  i^ion  nnii'chinii' >ontii.  th 
other  sailinu'  north\\'ar(L  The  former  are  eut  (htwn  iiy  tlic 
Illinois,  the  lattei'  rontetj  hy  the  Ojihwa.  AIis>isaki  and  Ni^'ik 
(Otter)  Indians,  on  Lake  Huron. 

Kir)!.  Two  Fri  neh  traders  j)ass  St.  li^naoe,  on  their  way 
to  (ii'eeii  r)ay,  they  ivturn  in  ir»r)(>  wilh  a  1;  rii'e  trad  in  li' party 
(<!<»  canoes)  of   Iluroiis  and  ()tawas. 

{•'••'•o.  (»!•  earlier.  .Ni'-olas  Perrot  passes  on  li is  first  visit  t<» 
tin'  I'ottawatomi,  on  (ii'i'en  I)ay. 

l(ir»l>.  N'ovcnliei'  1  1  til,  I'^atliei*  AlloUez  passed  |*oint  St. 
Iirnace,  on  his  iournev  iVmn  Saidt  Ste.  Nfarie  todreen  Ilav  : 
he  I'elato  the  followini;'  Indian  tradition  : 

T\\v\  say  that  this  island  is  tlic  native  (•(Uintry  of  (Hic  ot  tln'ir  i-ods.  ciiilcd 
"The  (Jreat  lliu'e,"  wlio  created  tiie  eaitli.  and  that  il  \\a>  on  tliis 
Island  that  he  in\(iile(l  the  net ><  lor  takini;   li>;li,  aflci'   having  atleiitiM'ly 


considen 
believe  t 
which  \v 
secieid. 
same  god 
away  :  a 
rapids 
1iaini)led 
t;dls  anil 
This  n 
at  !i  site, 
enemy,  i 
withdrev 
that    t1o\ 
France; 
intention 
country. 
Thi-  \- 
French  1 

K'.Tn 
Manpn 
tioii  of 

l«iVl 
with  F 
land    II 

.\nti 
aii'aiiist 
and  at 
the  H 
l.\-  tin- 
iioi'tln' 
riors— 
Valle\ 

CO\  Cl't' 

act>  <i 
II  uroi 
dimin 


ni-rni;it  Ai.   i:\  i:.\T^, 


:>1 


3rL'(l  tlic  St. 


\\;iv  to  Mild 


)or]iO(><l    to- 
Inindcr  liny 

^  tlie  strait, 
ltd"  a    pi'o- 

^ii'SOUtll,  til' 

>\vii    liv   the 
i  and  Xio-ilc 

I  tlirii"  way 
iidiiiii-  pai'ty 

irst  visit  tn 

I'oiiif   Sr. 
iiVLMi  I  lay  : 

ruods,  called 
wiiH  on  this 
\;  uUt'mi>(iv 


consi(i(.'r('(l  a  ^piilrr  wliilc  cnnsfructini,^  its  web  for  (atchidL;- tlic-.  'V\\i'\ 
Ix'lii've  that  I.akf  Siipnior  i^  a  ]>oiui  made  by  the  lic.iver-,  the  ii.uiK-  "i 
w  liicli  wereclouble  ;  the  tirst,  at  the  place  which  we  call  tlit;  Sa<ill.  the 
^ecad,  live  leaizue-.  lower  down.  In  coiiiiiii:' tip  the  rivef.  they  sa>  .  this 
same  god  tirst  encountered  the  second  emlianknieiii.  w  iiicli  he  tore  entirely 
away  :  and  for  Ihi^  reason  there  are  no  falN  or  tuiliulent  watei'>  at  the-e 
rapitls  :  a>  for  the  tir-l.  beiuLi  in  a  hurry,  he  oidy  walked  o\er  it  and 
trampleil  it  to  pieces,  in  conse(|uence  o['  which  there  stjli  remain  lai'^e 
f:dls  and  boilini:'  watei-. 

This -i^od.  they  add.  while  i»ursuinu' a  Iteaver  in  the  upper  lake,  c  ic>-.-ed 
at  a  siiiii'le  >tep,  a  liay  eiuiit  leau.Mie>  in  widtii.  In  \  iew  of  >(»  powerful  an 
enemy,  the  beaver.'*  IhoUiiht  it  l>t'>t  to  chanuc  their  phuc  and  con«ei|Ueiitly 
withdrew  to  another  lake:  from  thence  they  afterward,  liyaiilof  the  river^ 
that  tlow  from  it.  arrived  at  l!ie  North  Sea,  int<'ndinL;'  to  jia-^  i.\  rr  t.> 
F'rance;  liiit  lindiii'/ the  water  l)itter  (-all ).  tiiey  lo-l  lie.ut.  ehaie^id  their 
uitention-,  and  spread  thein-ehe-  amoiiLi  the  river-  and  lake-  of  tlii-. 
country. 

Till-  is  the  rea-oii  why  there  are  no  lieaver- in  France,  and  uli_\  the 
French  have  to  come  here  in  se!ir(  li  of  them. 

Hm"  71.  I"'atii«'i'  I)al»l<»ii.  (»r  aiiotlici'  .Ic-iiit  'jio--iltly 
Man|ii('ttc'i.  Nviiitt'is  at  Micliilimackiiiac,  layitio'  the  toiitida- 
ti(»M  ut'  tlif  Mission  of  St.  loiiatiii!";. 

{•"•Vl.  Kiid  oj  .liiiif,  (»r  later.  'I'lu-  'riniioiitatf  Iliiitin-, 
with  I'arlii'r  Maf<|m'tt('.  ai'i'i\i'  froiii  Sliao-awamiu'diio"  i  A-li- 
laiid    Hay.    L.   S.  i 

Aiitiiiiiti.  Tlic  (  >tawas  of  Maiiitouliii.  on  the  w,ii-j»atli 
aoailist  tlir  Sinix.  ai'i'ixr  with  a  lafor  sii]»]ily  o!  .afiiis 
and  anininninoii  lately  ohtained  in  Montreal,  .lojucd  \<y 
tlie  Unroll-  ot  tlie  new  st-tt  leineiit.  and-oti  (ii'eeii  Hay  — 
liy  the  I'ottawatoinies.  Sacs  and  I'oxo.  tlie\  niarcji  tiii'oiiuli 
iiorthei'ii  Wisconsin  a  wcll-anned  l»ody  (d  a  thon-ainl  wai'- 
fioi's  and  eonli(h'nt!y  attaid^  the  Sion\  in  the  St.  ('roI\ 
N'allev.  I'lterly  dideated,  tliey  I'etreat  thfonoh  tin'  .  ;.o\v- 
eo\ered  wood.^.  aiuidst  .-nll'ei'inus  aiKJ  |iri\ation-  thai  lead  to 
acts  of  eaiiidi)aii>ni.  The  he.ivy  lo-s  su.^lained  \>\  thf 
Ihiroiis,  who  ltra\«'ly  eovei'ed  tlic  I'ear.  aeeonnt-  for  tlu* 
<liniiui.slit'd  niuuhei's  (d    tlu'  trihe,  as  .stated  hy   Mai'.jUette. 


1 1^  J 


;,MI 


22 


A.\.\.\I.<    <tF    FoKl     MA(  KIXA. 


i''»7'J.  Till'  Iliii'niis  Idiild  tlicir  tui'titieil  villiio-c  mi  East 
M'lniii  Piwy.  I  )c('t'iiil)('r  >rli.  .I(»liet  ;ii'ri\i's  and  winters  at 
St.  Iii'iiace. 


\iu-f  i'K  llic  si'CdiKl  and  pt'iMnaiiLMit  clnircli  (it  r>t.  lii'iia- 
tiu.N  an<l  tlu'  .I('snit>"  i"i>i(K'nct'  arc  Ituilt  at  tlic  .-ide  t>f  the 
Ilui'on  xillau'c 

ltl7'>.  X(t\fnilK'r  ^tli,  Fatlici'  Nouvcl.  witli  two  Fi'i'iicli 
('onij»aiiioiis.  >rai'ts  (tii  a  jniirncv  to  lSai;'ina\v  Hay  and  tlic 
interit»r  ol'  I.owci'  Micliiiiaii.  He  ari'i'ves  near  the  head 
waters  of  ('liippewa  Hivcr,  Deceniher  Ttli.  huild>  a  eliajtcl 
(tlie  tii'>t  iin  the  Lowci'  !*('niii>nla ),  and  wiiitiM's  with  tlie 
hunters  of  the  Amik  (  luMvi-n  (Man. 

107*>.  ol-  thereahouts.  Another  laru'e  l»ody  of  ()tawas 
ari'ivcand  sctiU'  near  (ii'os  Ca)).  on  Lake  Miciiii^an. 

H>7T.  .lunt'  7tli.  'I'he  Ki.-hkako  Indians,  accompained  hy 
a  nuinhcr  >>i  Ii'otjUois.  hriiiu'  Fathei*  Mai'<|uette's  I'emains  to 
St.  I:ina<T,  whci'*-  tiicy  arc  intcrrctl,  on  the  folh)wiiii;'  day, 
within  the  .h^nits'  diapi'L 

(>ctol>i'r.  I''ather  Knjah-aii  ari-ivcs  to  a>si>t  Father  ^sonvel 
in  the  ( )tawa  .Mi»ion. 

l'»77  "S.  Father  Nouvd  huihls  the  cliaiu'l  <»f  St.  Fraueis 
liori-ia  in  the  woo(l>.  hctwccn  IJaMnt's  Hack  and  (irosCaj). 
Himself  and  Father  FnjaliMn  winter  tlici'c.  The  l-'reiieh 
and  Indian  trade  heuins  to  assume  lai'ucr  proportions. 


FAS  A 


l'i7-">.     May   17tli.  doliet  and    Martpiette.  with   live  other 
Fivnehmen.  start  on  rlicir  voyage  of  di>covcry. 

l<'»7o  or '74.      A    Jai'u't'   hody  of  ()tawasand  other  .Vlii'on- 
<piin>.  pi'iiiiMpally  K'ishkakos,   cominn'   from   ^Fanitoulin   and  \^\~\ 

the  oppo>irc  shore  >cule  near  Kahhit's  I)a(d<;.      Father  Heni'v  .,,,,[  ^p 

Xouvcl.  Superior   of  the   <  )tawa    A[i>>ii»ns,   rakes  eliari^e  of  'Y\^^, 

lln'm.      Fatlii-r  Philip  I*ier>on  hci-omcs  ])a>tor  of  the  Hurons.  ^^^     | 


le 

tccnth 
in  tlu' 
>idcre« 
aini>. 
moral 

inu".  " 
xchcint 

of  his  ' 

lii>  trac 

(•i'U>h 

could  < 

>:!V.    tl 

N'oven 

an   e>t 

familv 

Jesuit 

short 

tliat  h 

near 

hitliei 

I.aSal 

on    tl 

(ii-ec" 

ahovt 


■111  -  -■ 


III>l"IM(Ar,    KVKNIS. 


:1S 


lii.ii'c  oil    East 
<1  winters  at 

1 1   tive  other 

>tlier  Al^'on- 
iiitoulin  and 
atlier  Henry 
!.s  c]iarii-e  of 
tlie  Ilnrons. 
<'f  St.  Jo-na- 
M'de  of  tlie 

two  Ki'cnch 
•ii.v  and  tlie 
I"  the  head 
1-^  a  ehapel 
•-   with   the 


'»t  <  >ra\vas 
n. 

ipanied  h_v 
I'eiiiains  to 
>\viiio-  (lav. 


ler  Xouvel 

M.  I'VaiU'is 
(ii'os  Cap. 
u'    Krencli 

ns. 


LASALLK.   IIKXXKPLX   AXD    IIF.XliV    DK    TOXTY 

AlUMVK    AT  Ari("niLIMA(KIXA(\  oX 

THE  "(rKlFFOX;' 

\*u^-K  LaSalK'.  on  liis  tirst  expedition  to  Illinois,  arrives 
;in<l  >pends  xnnr  days  at  the  settlement. 

The  most  remarkable  eharaeter  anioiiii'  the  ('\]»hn\'rs 
of  Jie  ^^is^iss;j)pi  N'allry,  in  the  latter  half  of  the  sevcn- 
rcciith  eeiitui'v,  wa>  Uoltert  ('avelier  de  LaSallc.  N'irwcd 
in  rlu'  liii'ht  and  sen>e  of  woi'ldlv  enti'rprise,  he  is  to  lie  coii- 
>id('i'('d  as  surpassinn'  all  others  ii-  lofty  and  foniprehen>ive 
;iims,  in  dctcrmincMl  t'liern'V  and  nnyieldinn'  eourau'i'.  hoth 
nioi-al  and  physical.  He  faltri't'd  at  no  lahorions  nndertak- 
iiiLi':  no  distiMisr  l»y  nerxclos  friends,  no  jcalons  ciiNy  or 
s('h<'me>  of  active  eimmies.  no  niisfortnne  damped  the  ai'dor 
of  his  ])laiis  and  moveiiu'jits.  If  there  was  a  mountain  in 
lii>  ti'ack,  lie  c<(nld  scale  it:  if  ;i  lion  heset  his  path,  he  conld 
crnsh  it.  Xothinu'  hut  the  hand  of  the  Ini'kiii;;'  assassin 
could  ipieiich  the  tire  of  that  hrave  heart.  We  may  hrietly 
>.!y.  that  LaSalle  was  horn  in  the  city  of  Koiu-n.  I'^rance, 
Xoveinhei"  il2.  I<i4.">.  The  name  LaSalle  was  hori'owed  fr(»m 
;in  estate,  in  the  neiiihhorhood  of  Konen,  helonn'inn'  to  his 
family,  the  ("aveliers.  Itohert  was  e(lucate(l  at  one  of  the 
.louit  >eminarie>,  and  a>  one  of  that  oriler  he  continued  a 
short  tinie:  hut  in  1<»<>«»,  he  came  to  America,  ami  it  is  said 
that  he  madt'  early  exploration  to  die  <  )liio,  ami  was  j»os>ihly 
near  the  Mis.-issippi  hefore  .loliet  and  .Martpiette's  voyai:'t» 
hither.  We  can  here  oidy  allude  to  a  fe  v  items  and  facts  in 
LiiSalle's  career.  It  wa>  a  marki'(l  incident,  and  so  appears 
<»n  the  hi>toiMc  paiiH'.  when  L;iSalle,  in  I'lTSK  voyau'cd  to 
(ireeii  Uay  on  the  *' ( iritVon."'  the  lir>t  >\\\\  vessel  of  the  lakes 
aliove   the  Falls,  aiivl    which    ho   had    l)uilt   on   the    bank  of 


y 


24 


A\.\AI>    <•!•     li)Ki    .MA(  KL\.\( 


Ciiyuga  Creek,  ;i  trilmrjirv  (»f  tlic  Xi;ii:;irii.  Uut  rli;it  l»usi- 
iicss  ti'ip  \v;i,-  ;i  mere  plcasui'e  excursiVn!  wIil'H  (*oni])aiv<l  witli 
tlie  etVoi'ts  r(.'(juii'('(l  of  liiiii  to  eii-iiiuer  and  bi'iiUi'  al)oiir  ci'i'- 


taiii  mdispciisahle  preparatKMis.  involving  ways  and  )nean>. 
before  tlie  keel  of  that  renowned  craft  slionld  he  hiid,  and 
l)ef(>re  she  spread  hei-  wings  to  the  breeze  and  dei)arte<l  (.»ut- 
ard  fi-oni  I*>iilfalo  Ilarhoi"  uf  the  fntnre.  And  what  an 
liesitatinu'  inorninu'-waik    was  that  of  liis.   in    Kl^o.  whe?i 


w 


un 


lie  set  out  on  foot  from  the  I'drt  wliieli  (not  liini)  they  termed 
Ilrohcn  Ilriiif,  wiiere  Peoria  n(»\v  is,  to  go,  some  twehc 
huiKb'ed  niih'>  perhaps,  to  l"'<»rt  Frontenac,  wliere  Ivingston 
now  i>,  at  tlie  h»wer  end  of  Lake  ( )ntario.  Jii>  unyield- 
ing pui'))o>e  wa>  not  to  be  (K-layed,  but  aecelerate*].  by 
the  avalanche  of  misf<»rrune  which  had  fallen  on  him. 
lie  could  n(»r  wait  for  raill•oad^.  nor  turn])ikes.  nor  civil- 
ization :  he  eould  not  even  wait  b»r  a  canoe  navigation, 
btr  it  was  early  sj»ring — in  the  month  of  March — when 
tlie  ice  still  lingered  by  the  lake  >li(»res,  and  was  running 
thickly  in  the  streams.  So.  with  one  Indian  anil  b>ur 
white  men,  with  a  small  sup])ly  of  e(lil.»les.  yet  with  a 
large  stock  oi  resitlutii»n,  he  took  his  way.  The  journey 
was  accomplished,  and  he  was  back  on  Lake  Michigan 
ill  the  autumn  eii>iiing.  it  has  been  suggested  that  his 
own  enduring,  iron  natui'e.  as  it  might  be  calhMl-  unbending 
as  it  was  in  iis  retpiiri'iiieiits  of  otheis  — >ei'\ cd.  perhaps,  to 
ci'cate  emiiitie>  and  to  occa-ion  the  linal  catastrt»phe.  It 
niayhaNC  been  so;  but  whatever  view  nuiy  be  taken,  tin* 
doing-"  of  LaSalle  must  be  called  wonderful,  hi-  misb>rtunes 
numberless,  and  his  death  s.iil.  'I'lie  day  on  which  LaSalle 
was  killed  i-  s:i!<l  to  have  Ikh'Ii   March   !'.•.   V\^~. 


Tl 


ul 


(le   lo 


hi^ 


ipui 


to  he 

eight 

havin, 

to  ret 

time 

gettin 

prime 

(\.lbe 

that  tl 

have  t 

nuiinn 

and  t< 

Uth   ' 

Septe 

follo\\ 

\  ariiM 

yet    w 

neede 

lill    tl 

archil 

the  1 

tribe 

of     til 

\ide( 
tute  I 
sai<i, 


iii-ii>Ri<  AF.   i:vi:n!>. 


•J.t 


iJiit   rliat   \m>]- 
*oni]);ii'(Ml  \vit]i 
iiiil'  alxMir  ei'i'- 
'>  ami    )iK'aii>. 
<1    l>i'  laid,  and 
dej)aitt'd  uut- 
And   what   an 
n   10s<».  when 
i)  tlic'V  tci'iiu'd 
some    twelve 
HTe  l\  iiiii>r(»ii 
Hi-   iniyield- 
cc'lelMted,    I»v 
Ih'ii    nil    him. 
:c's.    ui>v  eivil- 
•e  iiavjiiaticii. 
\rareh — when 
was   numiiin' 
laii    and    fnni- 
Vet    with    a 
The   journey 
\<v    Miehina?! 
ted    that    hi> 
— imhendinu' 
.  |K'rhaj)>.  to 
>rro])he.      It 
('   taken,  the 
ini-t'iirtnnes 
hich  I.aSallo 


ilKXliV   DK  ToXTV. 

There  is  niiieh  of  roiuantie  interest  in  the  lite  ot  Ileni'v 
de  Toiitv  which  will  evei-  attract  attention  to  the  >toi'_v  of 
his  experience  in  the  wild>  of  America.  lie  wa>  Ixri-n  in 
Naples,  Italy,  in  or  near  the  year  lO.-Hi,  In  a  monioir,  >aid 
to  he  written  hy  him  in  1<1'.»."I,  he  says:  "After  having'  lu'eii 
eili'ht  year>  in  the  I'l'ench  sei'\'ice,  hy  land  and  l»y  >ea,  and 
havin^i'  had  a  hand  >hot  olf  in  Sicily  \)\'  a  n'renade.  1  re>ol\ed 
to  retni'n  to  France  to  solicit  em])loynient."'  It  wa-  at  the 
rime  when  LaSalle  had  retnrneil  fi-om  America,  and  wa- 
U'cttin^'  recrnits  of  means  for  hi>  \\\'>tei'n  eiiterprix-.  The 
pi'ime  minister  of  Lonis  XI\'.,  he  that  wa>  called  the  ii'r«'at 
Colhert.  knowing:'  the  soldii'r  Toiity  well,  >pecia.lly  pro\  idcd 
that  the  importtmt  project  to  he  undertaken  hy  LaSalle  >hon!d 
have  tlu'  henetit  (d  the  |)er.-oiial  aid  of  Tonty.  who,  thon^h 
maimed  and  sinuU- handeil.  wa>  yet  ri\idy  to  uu  foi-th  to  dare 
and  t<»  do.  Toiity  >ays:  "We  saiK'd  from  Uoehelle  *t\\  the 
l-l-th  »d'  didy.  1*!7>,  and  arrived  at  (^)iU'l)ec  on  the  ir)th  (d 
Sej)tend>or  followinu.*'  We  i-an  not.  (d"  cour>e.  attempt  to 
follow  the  hra\e  and  caj)ahle  lieiitenaiit  of  LaSalle  in  hi- 
\ari(»ns  mo\('meiii>,  e\en  if  we  had  a  knowle(lo-e  nf  them: 
yet  we  may  >ay,  that  if  a  trustful  a^'ent  or  manau'er  wa> 
needecl  for  any  adventure  hy  LaSalle.  Toiity  wa>  the  man  to 
till  the  re(|uii'ement.  If  a  fort  was  wanted,  lu-  wa>  the 
architect  and  oveiseer  to  construct  it:  if  ;  peaceable  envoy  to 
tlu'  Indians  was  re(piire(l,  he  was  the  u'itttMl  cmhassador ;  if  a 
trihe  nee(Ied  (diastiseiiii'iit  in  hattle.  he  wa>  the  ahle  captain 
<d  the  forces.  We  nee(|  not  cite  «'\ample>.  Tonty  \\a-  pi'o- 
videij  with  >ome  sort  of  a  metallic  arraiiii'eMU'iit  as  a  >iih-ti- 
tute  for  the  loss  (d'  part  (d  a!i  arm:  and  he  was  known,  it  is 
said,  far  and  near,  anionu'  the  trihe-  id'   re(|  men,  a-  "La  iSras 


!-:.  I 


Z'» 


A.NNAL-    i>V    |(»KT     MA(  KINAC 


(If  I'rv."  iir.  77/'  ///////  >/'////  //n:  'iron  d mi.  If  we  i'ii;'htly 
I'ciiiL'iiilx'r.  iiii>fi'  than  oiil!  taie  has  hcuii  ciMistnictt'ci  hv  iioN'el- 
writcis.  witli  its -cniL's  hiid  in  the  Fai*  West,  ])reseiitiiii'' Tonty 
as  tlic  priiK-ipal  character.  In  loni;-  time  past,  an  ishmd  at 
tlie  iowei"  (.-nil  ot'  Lake  Ontario  was  known  as,  and  caHeil,  tlie 
/.s-A  iif  l^miij,  iK'ini;'  named  after  oiir  liero — the  man  with 
the  iron  arm:  l>ut  the  name  was  afterward  ehanii-ed  to  that 
of  Ainh'i'sl.  Whatever  the  deserts  of  tlie  titled  (-renera' 
-lell'rev  Andieist  may  have  been,  Henry  de  Toiity  was  the 
iii'fart'i'  man  of  the  two.  Tonty  <lied  at  Foi't  St,  Louis,  on 
Miihilc  r.av.  in  the  vcar  1  7"4. 


L^^VX^  IiEXXEI'IX. 

Loui>  Hennepin,  a  IJecolleet  of  the  oi'der  of  St.  Francis, 
\va-  iiitrii  at  Atli,  Fi'ance.  in  It»4r).  Ho  >ailed  for  ('aiia<hi 
in  H;?''.  on  the  "Saint  ilonore."  LaSalle  was.  also  a  pas- 
senger oil  the  same  ves>el. 

Hennepin  left  (Jnehec  in  ir»T'^,  and  set  out  with  LaSalle  to 
explore  the  conntry  lyinu'  south  and  west  of   Lake  .Michiu'an. 

<  >n  Caynu'a  ( 'reek,  a  tributary  of  the  Xiauara  liivi'i'.  iiit(» 
which  it  enij)ties  fi-om  the  .Vnieriean  side,  live  miles  above 
\\w  Falls,  LaSalle  built  the  **  (irilfoii,"  upon  which  they 
embarketj,  settinu'sail  Aui;'ust  7tli,  arriviiii;-  at  Micliilimaekinae 
Au^i'ust  L>7th.  107'.». 

I''i'oni  his  minute  description  of  the  bay,  the  shore,  etc.,  the 
Itev.  Kdward  dackei"  says:  The  l»ay  where  the  "(irilVon" 
anchoreil  is  that  which  is  (»verlooked  by  two  steep  and  rocky 
blulfs  famous  in  Indian  tradition,  and  called  by  the  Imlians 
"He*"  and  "She"  Uabbit.  The  former  i-  known  as  "  IJab- 
bitV  l»a(dc."     The  l\iskakon  ()tawa.s   were  there  in  1<)77. 

1<57'.K  They  ai'ri\('d  at  (ireeii  Fay  Septembei'  "JlM,  and 
from  there   LaSalle  .-eiit  the  "(iritfon"   back,  and  it   is  sup- 


4 


V; 


\ 


It'  wo  rio'Iitly 
etec]  I»y  novel - 
;sentiiii;-  Tonty 
-.  an   island  at 
uid  calliMl,  the 
-tlio  man  witli 
ano-ed  t<.  tliat 
itled   (ienera' 
uiity  was  the 
^^t.  Louis,  on 


< 


ill-l"K'l(  Al.     1,\  i.N  1> 


•27 


^r.  Francis, 
I  for  Canada 
>,  alsu  a  \K\6- 

rh  LaSahe  to 
<e  Aficliipin, 
I  Iii\er,  into 
niih's  ahove 
which  they 
hiliinaekinae 

ore,  ete..  the 
'  "(irill'o,,"' 
p  and  ro(dvV 
the  Inih'ans 
■II  as  •'  I^•d^- 
n  l<i77. 
'!•  i^iM,  and 
id  it   is  sup- 


Hon.  P.  W.  HOMBACH, 
First  Postmaster  of  the  City  of  St.  Ignace.  Mich. 


ili 


2s 


AW  A  I.-    (•!■     |i>lM     MA<K1.\AC. 


posed  to  Iiavc  hceii  wivckiMi  oW  rlic  ciitrMiice  to  (Treon  Bnv, 
as  a  sovo'e  storm  ar«»^e.  ami  it  did  Jiot  reach  Micliilinaekinac. 

After  various  iulsli;ij)>  Hennepin  roacIu'<^  tlie  Mississipjii, 
whieli  lie  ascended  to  the  Fall>  'if  St.  Anthony,  in  the  sprini;' 
of   Kiso. 

i<!St'.  Dnluth  and  Hennepin  arrive  from  the  I'pi»er  ^[!>- 
sissippi,  ])\  way  of  Green  I  Jay.     They  winter  at  St.  lii'nace. 

U!^I.  LaSalle  passes  St.  Iii'nace  (»n  his  second  journey  to 
Illinois.  i\I.  De  Villeraye  is  a])poiuted  eoniiuaiidant  l»y 
Fi'ontenac  about  this  time. 

1(188.  The  fur  trath-  declines  in  coii>e(pienee  of  the 
daniier  of  transi)ortation.  occasioned  hy  Tro(pioi>  hostility. 
Hence  <listress  amonii'  the  traders,  and  dissatisfaction  aiiioii^- 
the   India?is. 

n>^4.  ^fons.  De  T.a  Durantaye  in  command  at  Michili- 
niackinac.  The  Kreiieh  and  Indian  forces  eoimnanded  !>y 
De  i.a  Durantaye.  with  Duhith  as  lieutenant,  and  Perrot  ;»-; 
'•  manaii^M- "  of  the  Ota  was,  set  out  to  join  in  De  La  UarreV 
iiiii'loi'ious  expedition  aiiainst  the  Iroquois. 

The  Indian  estimation  of  French  })ower  and  valor  is  on  the 
wane.  I)urin<;'  De  La  Durantaye's  ;d»>ence.  M.  De  La  \'al- 
ti'ie  acts  as  commandant. 

l(>8r).  All  the  French  in  the  rpj)er  Lake  reiiion  are  placed 
under  the  authority  of  the  commandant  of  Michilimackinac 
(j\r.  De  La  Durantaye).  This  measure  remaininii'  in  foi'ce 
until  the  ahaiulonment  of  the  post.  Michilimackinac,  already 
the  conunercial  em})orium  <»f  the  Northwest,  hecomes  also  its 
military  centre. 

Nicolas  i\M'rot  arrives  with  orders  frcim  the  i;overnor,  [U'o- 
iiihitiuii'  the  ()tawa>  to  march  ai^'ainst  the  l''o.\e>  <»n  (rrecn 
l>ay.  He  succeed>  in  restoring'  jieace  hetweeii  the  two  trihes 
throUii'h  the  intermediation  of  an  ( )jil)wa  chief,  whose  ilauii'h- 
ter  (a  captive  amonu'  the  l''o.\e>)  he  save>  from  the  stake  and 
restores  to  her  father. 


);l 


cl.'ins  a 
stronti'i 
Enii'lis 

supjilit 
IflsT 

take  1 
arrest 
ti'aders 
of  Pel 
of  the 
ous  for 
to  Xiai 
land  fr 
^^us   att 

Fnirli>^l 

French 

1088 

a  fort  !i 

the  sett 

The  O 

the  F>li 

other  h 

wintere 

(Quebec 

Huron 

the  Iro 

was  hy 

of  Pe'r 

Le  Rat 

sissipp' 

hy  the 

to  whi( 

eommii 


IIISTOUICAL    F.VKNTS. 


20 


liiliiKiekiriac. 

Missifisi|)j)i, 

in  the  spring;' 

r[)]»er  Mi>- 
St.  Iii'tiacr. 
•  1  joiiniev  ri> 
uiaiidaiit  hy 

'lice    of     rlic 

j']>  lH»>rilirv. 
L'tiuii  aJiKtii:;' 

i  at  Michili- 
iinaiidt'd  !»y 
id  Perrot  ;)«; 
■  I. a    I  lane's 

lor  is  on  the 
l)e  La  V-A- 

I  aiv  ]tlaeed 
iliiiiaekiiiac 
IT  ill  fojve 
lae,  already 
me>  al>o  it-- 

vei'iior,  pro- 
oil  (irecii 
'  two  ti'ihes 
H»>e  dauii'li- 
L'  stake  and 


KkSO.  Dissatisfaction  anioni:'  the  Indians,  ^fost  of  the 
clans  are  leanino;  towards  the  Iro(iuois  and  the  Knu,'lish.as  the 
-tronii'er  ]>arty  and  hetter  ahle  to  supply  their  wants.  Tlie 
Knu'lish  endeavor  to  brini!-  ahout  a  ruptnre  hv  forwardinii' 
supjdies  and  lifpior  to  ^[iellilinlaekinae, 

l(rS7.  l)e  La  Durantaye  sets  out  with  the  j-'rench  foree  to 
take  part  in  Denoiiville's  expedition  aii'ain>t  the  Sonecas.  He 
arrests,  in  the  neii;'hhorhood  of  the  settlement,  thii'ty  Kn^lish 
traders,  and  as  many  more  on  Lake  Erie.  The  timely  arrival 
of  Perrot  with  the  Gi'een  Pay  Indians  obviates  the  necessity 
of  the  commandant  i-etiirninii;  with  the  piMS(.»ners.  too  immer- 
(»iis  for  his  safety,  in  a  hostile  neiu'hhorliood.  lie  jtroceeds 
to  Niai,''ara.  where  the  <  )tawas  and  IP  ons.  marchinu'  over- 
land fnuii  Lake  IPii'on,  join  him;  they  take  j)ai't  in  a  victoi'i- 
oHs  attack  on  S()(i  Iro(piois  (.luly;.  The  capture  (»f  those 
Kmrli-^h  parties  jirobahlv  prevented  the  massacre  of  the 
Fi'ench  in   Michiliinackinac,  by  the  IFurons  and  (  )tawas. 

P18S.  May.  LalPditan  arrives  with  a  small  force  ( from 
a  fort  near  the  outlet  of  Lake  Huron),  and  spends  a  month  in 
the  settlement.  He  obtains  with  ditHculty  a  su|)ply  of  coi'ti. 
The  Otawas,  (listrustin«i;  the  Ilurons,  fortify  themselves  (»n 
the  P)lutf,  nortli  of  East  Moran  Pay.  ,Ioutel,  ( "avelier,  and 
other  sui-vivors  of  LaSalle's  expedition  to  Texas  (havino- 
wintered  on  (rreen  Pay)  pass  the  settlement  on  their  way  to 
(Quebec  and  I'^rance.  KoTidiaronk,  or  Le  Rat,  the  <i:reat 
Huron  chicd",  departs  at  the  head  of  one  hundred  men  anainst 
the  P'lKjUois,  but  plots  with  them  the  destruction  of  the()ta- 
was  l)y  stratagem.  The  pl(»L  proves  abortive,  in  conse(pie'.ce 
of  Perrot  ami  the  missionaries  i:;ainini;'  kiiowledu'e  of  it; 
Le  Hat  confesses  his  n-uilt.  Perrot,  retiirniiiu'  from  the  Mis- 
sissippi with  three  female  ()jibwa  prisoners  de-livered  t(»  him 
by  till'  Foxes,  snatches  five  Iro(piois  warriors  from  the  stake, 
to  which  they  were  condemned  by  tlie  Otawas,  in  spite  (d'  the 
commandant's  and  the  mi^sionarie^'  remonstrances. 


30 


ANXAI-S    (»F    FoKT    MACKINAC 


lOSO-OO.  The  Ot'.nva.s,  at  the  iii,sti<;-utinii  of  tlie  Hurons, 
rosiiiiiu  tliL'ir  proJL'ct  of  eflfcctiii*";-  a  ivcoiiciliatioii  M'ltli  tlif 
Jroquois.  Tliev  t^vud  hack  to  tlie  Senecas  the  prisoners  taken 
from  them,  and  make  arrangements  for  a  meetinij:  in  tlie  fol- 
lowing' _ve;ir.  J'^athei'  De  ('arheil.  heinjj;  informed  of  their 
plan,  warns  the  ii'overnor  hy  a  messenn-ei'  sent  in  the  winter. 
Fi-oiitenac  jjivpai'es  a  lar^-e  convov  to  I'cinforee  Miehiliinack- 


mac. 


lf)lM».     Sprinii'.     The  r)tawas   take  steps  towards  an  alli- 


ith  the  I 


an 


as  a 


token  of 


ii'ood  wi 


1 


-medi- 


ance 

tate  the  massacre  of  the  Fren('h  traders. 

End  of  June  or  he^innin^-  of  duly.  The  post  is  saved  by 
the  arrival  of  ^f.  I  )e  La  Porte  J^ouvi^ny  ("who  relieved  I)u- 
rantaye  as  commandant),  with  Perrot,  and  with  an  Irocpiois 
])risoner,  the  evidence  of  a  victory  gained  on  the  Otawa 
River  over  a  waylayinu'  i)arty  (dune  2d).  The  prisoner  is 
o-iven,  for  execution,  to  the  vacillatini*'  llnrons,  who.  dreadinfjc 
a  iinal  breach  with  the  Tro(|Uois.  are  dis])osed  to  s])ai'e  him; 
])Ut  yielding  to  the  commandant's  peremptory  order,  brain 
him  after  a  short  torture. 

PeiTot,  boldlv  har.mgninii-  thv'  chiefs,  assembled  at  the 
Jesuits'  residence,  repi'oaches  them  \\-ith  their  treachery,  and 
endeavors  to  show  them  the  folly  of  doubting  the  power 
of  the  French.     They  ])romise  to  amend. 

IGOl.  De  Conrtemanche  and  De  liepentigny  arrive  with 
the  news  of  the  FreJich  victorv  over  the  Enii'lish  fleet  before 
(Quebec. 

l()i}2.  Otawa  and  Huron  warriors  co-operate  in  driving 
the  Iro(piois  from  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  in  the  invasion  of 
their  territory  by  detached  parties. 

August.  Two  hundred  Otawas  from  Michilimackinac 
arrive  at  AFontreal  in  (piest  of  munition. 

l(iUo.  A  great  am(junt  of  fur  is  waiting  transportation  ; 
on  account  of  the  Iroquois  infesting  the  Otawa,  the  Indians 


i 


III>rnlJI(  AI.    i:\  KM 


31 


f  till?  Hn roils, 
tioii  M'itli  the 
)risoner.s  taken 
;ini,^  in  the  fol- 
rnied  of  tliLM'r 
in  tho  winter. 
!  Mieliili muck- 
wards  an  alii- 
d  will — -niedi- 

^t  is  saved  by 
relieved  Du- 
ll an  Iroquois 
n  the  ()ta\va 
le  prisonei'  is 
vlio,  dreading- 
:o  s])are  liiin  ; 
oi'der,  brain 

ibled  at  the 
•eaehery,  and 
Li"  the   power 

.'  ari'ive  with 
1  tleet  before 

J  in   drivino- 
invasion  of 

lilimaekinac 


i 


4 


South  Sally-Port. 


ispoi'tation  ; 
the  Indians 


82 


AN.NAI.S    OF    F(»KT    .MA(Kl.\Ar 


will  not  vi'iitm-t'  tIk'  journey  wirhoiit  ;i  riUtHcieiit  t'scorr. 
I'Voiirt'iiar  Ix'ini:-  int'itrnic.l.  (k-.-patclies  the  Sicur  (rAri:;ciiteuil 
wirli  <»r(l('i's  for  the  coHiiiiaiHlaiit  to  st'iid  all  the  Fi'eiieh  he 
can  spare  down  with  the  convoy. 

August  4tli.  Tw<»  Inindred  (;an(tes  from  Miehiliniaekinac, 
freiiiiited  with  mi.ikhi  francs  W(»i'th  of  heaver,  arrive  at 
Montreal,  toii'ether  with  the  pi-incipal  (diiefs  of  the  western 
trihes.  A  i:i-eat  council  is  held,  and  the  Indians  return 
charmed  witli  the  governor's  manner,  and  laden  witii 
j»i-esents. 

ir;i)4,  Jnlv.  De  Lonviiiiiv  leaves  for  tlie  colonv  with  a 
great  convoy  of  furs. 

The  Ilurons  contemplating  a  reinj'^'al,  ;'re  again  sus}>ecte(l 
of  treaclierous  intentions.  ()])posed  in  tlieir  jiurjKtse  by  the 
commandant  and  tlie  Otawas,  one  half  of  the  trihe  consent 
to  stay  :  the  otlie"  lialf  go  to  live  witli  tlie  Aliamis  on  the 
St.  .loseph  Ri\'er.  (M.  Tilly  De  Courtemanche  commandant 
thei'e,  since  1(11)3.) 

De  La  Porte  Louvigny  is  sui)erseded  hy  De  La  Motte 
( 'add lac,  the  last  commandant  of  "  Ancient  Michiliniackinac." 
(Louvigny  becomes  afterwards  [1712]  Hrst  comm;uidant  of 
New  ^li(;hilimacklnac,  commoidy  called  "Old  Mackinac."') 

1  •'»•.•.").  Cadillac  advises  the  governor  of  the  necessity  of  a 
gr;  nd  expedition  against  the  Iroquois  in  order  to  prev-ent 
the  defection  of  the  western  tribes.  Fi'ontenac  contents 
himself  with  harrassing  the  eneniy,  in  which  lie  is  aided  by 
Michilimackinac  Indians,  who  return  with  a  great  number  of 
])risoners. 

At  a  great  meeting  of  western  chiefs  iu  Montreal,  Fron- 
tenac  emphatically  gives  them  to  understand  that  they  must 
look  upon  every  French  otiicer,  residing  among  them,  as  sub- 
ject to  the  orders  of  the  one  in  command  at  Micliiliinaekinac. 

The  officers  in  connnand  at  the  several  posts,  at  that 
period,  are  :  Tilly  De  Courtemanche,  D'Ailleboust  De  Mimtet, 


D'Ail! 

collVcl 

Lc 

Irotj] 
its   t'Xe 

in>i>t 
pi' ices  < 

with  tl 

Cadi! 
Pottaw 
by  the 
who  ari 
auKjng 

In  c( 
Michilii 
the  <Jn( 

D'Ar 
late. 

Lc  P 
Albany, 
French 
tribe  fn 

p;i>7. 

receivec 
nac  and 
to  keej) 
an  ottie 
annuall 
council, 
lium 
( 'adilhu 
hundre* 
arrive  i 


i!Ist<>f;i<ai,   i;\i:Nr>. 


33 


Hcic'jit  L>sL'i>rr. 
•  <i"Ari;'L'nteuil 
lie  French   Ik.' 

3liiliinaekinac, 
'er,  an-Ive  at 
f  the  western 
ndians  i-etiirn 
1     ladrn    with 

solony  with  a 

!;ain  suspected 
ur))(>se  \)y  tlie 
triho  consent 
[ianiis  on  the 
;  cunmnuHhuit 

[)e  La  .N[utte 
iliiuacdvinac." 
ninjiiidant  of 
lackiiiae/') 
necessity  of  a 
r  to  prevent 
nac  contents 
u  is  aided  1)V 
t  miniber  of 

ntreal,  Fron- 

at  they  must 

hem,  as  sub- 

iiiniaekinae. 

»sts,  at    that 

l-)e  Maiitet, 


1  )"Ail!chousr    I )'Ari:'eiitcnil.    Di     Li>le.    X'incciiiio.    Fa    De- 
iM.in'ciTe.  and  I'iTi'ot. 

Fc  Fai-oii.  a  IFii-uii  chief,  ctMichules  a  treatv  witli  rhe 
li'dijuoi.-.  Cadillac  witli  (h'tticnlrv  succeeds  in  suspending" 
ir>  rxecnri(tn.  An  Fidian  de])Utation  u'oes  to  ^rontival  t("> 
insi>t  (as  advised  1»\'  the  CMn»inan<Fiiin  on  a  rc(hiction  in  the 
prices  of  ii:Mods.      l''rontenac  parrlv  satisfies  rht-ni. 

l^I'.H't.  The  IIuron>  and  smuu'  (  )rawas  are  ahvailv  huntinu; 
with  the  F'ocjnois. 

F'adilhic  di>patclies  a  wai'  ])arty.  (•oii>istin<i-  cliietlv  of 
Fdttawatoinies  and  Alii'oiujuins.  Tlie  h'o(jUoi>.  thoUi;li  warned 
hy  the  llurons,  hjse  thirty  scalj)s,  and  thii'ty-tW(»  prisoners, 
who  are  hrouu'ht  to  ]\richiliniac!'inac.  S(tnie  llurons  found 
anioni!;  them  are  restored  to  their  tril»e. 

Fi  consequence  of  the  Hurons'  machinations  hut  few 
.\FchiIimackinac  Fidians  take  part  in  the  cainj)aiii'n  au'ainst 
the  Onondai;\)  and  ()nei(hi. 

F)'Ari;'enteuil  starts  witli  5<i  l''renclinieii,  hut  ari'ives  too 
late. 

Fe  F>aron  with  thirty  Huron  fan n lies  ii'oes  to  settle  near 
Albany.  Kondiaronk,  now  ])ermanently  i;-ained  over  to  tlie 
French  cause  hy  Father  de  Carlieil.  i»revents  the  rest  of  the 
tril)e  from  folh»win^'  them. 

l*i*.tT.  Frontenac.  in  reply  to  t!ie  kind's  order  (of  1011.5, 
received  late  in  IdlK)),  insists  on  the  posts  of  Michilimacki- 
iiac  and  St.  Joseph  l)einii'  retained,  with  a  i;'arrison  sutiicient 
t<^  keep  off  Enii'lish  traders  (twelve  or  lifteen  soldiers  with 
an  officer),  and  on  twenty-tive  canoe  loads  of  i^-oods  bein^' 
annually  sent  to  each  place.  Jlis  advice  prevailsin  the  king's 
council. 

liuniors  of  an  impending  war  with  England  arriving, 
Cadillac  starts  with  a  great  number  of  Frenehmeii,  and  three 
hundred  Sacs,  Pottawatoniies,  ( )tiiwas  and  llurons.  They 
arrive  in  Montreal  towards  the  end  of  Augu>t. 


^^ 


M 


ANXAI,-    "'I      I'oIM'    MAI   KINA*'. 


i 


1  T'">.  Sc|)triiilM'i-  "^tli.  I\iiii<l;;ii'iiiik  iiiid  a  (lc|inr_v  (•!  rl.c 
lou"  (  )rawa  'laii-  .-iu'n  ;i  pi'nvi-iniiiil  tivatv  <if  jicacr  with  tiic 
Iro<|Ut»i.-.  at  Moiiti-cal. 

Dc  ( 'Miii'tcMiaiiclM'  •'.ii<l  l'"arlifi'  Ktiialrai!  'j:*>  t"  visit  tlic 
otluT  w'otcrii  ti'ilic-  ami  ])t'r>iia(lc  tliciii  t.i  accctlc  t^  the 
treaty. 

1T"1.  ()ta\va  Imiitcrs  liiilit  a  ]>arty  of  Ir.n|UMis  wlid  tro- 
pass  <»ii  tlicii"  iiroimd.-.  and  liriui:'  tli<'  ciiit'l'  to  Micliiliinacki- 
iiac  a>  a  |i|-i>oiici'. 

I )('  ( 'niii'tciiiaiK'Iic  ami  I-'allicr  Kiijalrati.  i;r('atl_v  ai'lnl  l»_v 
I\(iii(liai'oiik.  i-riiiu'  tlicii'  iifuotiatioii-  witli  rlic  ti'ilio  to  a  siic- 
('C's>t'iil  i»ti('.  l''atlKT  Kiijali'aii  leave-  M icliiliiiiaekiiiae  in 
dune,  witli  two  lihei'ated  li-(Mi-,ioi>  ]  u-i.-oiiei'-.  ( 'oni'teinaliclie 
starts  at'tei'  t!u'  ari'i\al  ot'  the  Indian  deleiiati'-.  witli  a  ih-et 
of    lid  canoes. 

Sieur  1  )e  I. a  Motte  ( 'adillae  founded  the  |>re-ent  city  of 
l)etroii.  liuildinL:'  l'"<'i't  l*<»ntehai"train,  near  ihe  iire>eiir  dotfi'f- 
soii  avenue.  Slp-lhy  an<l   Woodluddu'e  street*.  • 

At  the  ui'i'iit  iiieetiiiu'  convened  at  Montreal,  Aui;u-t  l>t, 
fill'  (he  coHcdusion  of  ju-ace  hetweell  the  I  I'oijUoi.-..  and  the 
l"'i'en(di  and  their  allies  (Illinois.  Miand-,  Iv  ick;i|>(H.-.  I-'oM',*. 
Wiiniehaii'<'>.  l^•ttawatonlies,  Me!ionionee>.  (  )lawa*.  ()jili- 
wa-.  lluroii>.  Alu'oii'iuin.-.  .\  heiiai<i>  and  other.-.  heiM_'  reiii'e- 
seiitcd).  l\ondiar(->nk.  ainio.-t  in  a  dyiii::  state,  make-  a  la>t 
spei'idi  of  ^reat  ell'ect.  lie  die:-  the  followini:  ni^iit.  and  is 
hui'it'il,  witli  u'l'eat  demon>ti'ation>  id'  i'e-|f(  t.  in  the  principal 
chui'idi  of   M(»ntre;d. 

Auu'n>l  Uli.  At  the  la>t  general  a»emMy  (  l.i'no  Indians 
boinjii'    proenti.   the  tieaty  i- siu-iicd  l»y  thirty  eiulit  de|>uti(>. 

The  (  )tawa>  (d  .Mi(ddliina(d<iiiac  a>k  foi'  I'"atlier  I'Jijali'aii 
and  Nicola>  l\>rrot.  and  iti-i>t  uii  the  [U'lddhition  (d  the 
Ijipior  trade  in  I  heir  count  vy 

The  {•"reiich  coiii'i  unahle  to  cope  with  the  e\  iU  >prini.:iiiii' 
from   the  .'-v>rem  (d   trading'   li<'''nM's.  inetlectuallv  order>  tlu' 


i 


1!I-I<  -IMi  AI,     i:\  KM>. 


So 


'Icpntv  of    rl.c 
I'facc  with  riic 


X>>    tit    \isit  flic 
;i<'('('(lc   to   rlic 

ill'ii-   \vli(.  tl'CS- 

^[i(•!li!i^l;l('ki- 
tMtlv  ;ii(k'(]    l,v 

t  !'ilH'>  ri  I  ;i  silc- 

i!ini;ickiii;ic  in 
(  "nrrciiiaiiclic 
'-.  Wi'rli  a  tli-ct 

'I'f-ciit  v'wv   (.}' 

il.  Au-ii-t  I>r, 

|ii"I>.  and  rlic 

vajXM.-.   l-iivc'>. 

>ia\vas.    ()ji!.- 

.  I»i.'i'i_-  rc|ti'c- 

iii.ikr>   a    la>r 

iiiu'iit.  aiMJ    is 

1  tlir  principal 

I. •"''"(»  Iii(i;ans 

i.ulit  (k'luii  io. 

hc'l"   Kiijaliaii 

I'itioii   ol'    the 

v\\>  >|ti'iiii:iii«i' 
11 V  ('nl(.'i>  tliL' 


i 


4 


4 


REV.  FATHER  EDWARD  JACKER. 
Discoverer  of  Marquette's  Crave 


.»«• 


AXXAI.S    i\V    FORT    M.\<  KIXAC 


('v;i<Mi;iri'>ii  of  tilt'  |>o>r  :iii(l   rhc  I't-rui'ii  iiit<»  the  cnlonv  of  all 
puMicr-  ainl  rra*!*.'!'--  (ro///v ///-.swA  /m/.s),  in  rhc  ^\  ('>>r.  ^ 

I7<'i'   ■'>.      TIk'    1Iiii-<»ii>   and    a    pai't    of   the   (  )ta\vas.   ii])oii     i 
( 'aiiill;;"V  |ti'c»iiiu'  iiiviration,  I'ciiiox-c  t<»  I)('troit.  " 

17*'r>.  The  rt'iiiaiiiiiiii'  Orawas  haviiiii'  hi'dkcii  the  peace, 
1  )c  Luii\iuii\'  coiiu-.-  to  Iti'iiio-  thctii  to  reason.  He  i'etnni>  lo 
the  coliiiiv  with  Iroipiois  pi-i.-uiiers  ^i'iveii  U])  t<»  hitii  hy  the 
()ta\va>.  !)»'  \'iiu*eii!ie>  follows  with  the  chiefs.  'I'hev  apolo- 
'j:\y.i'  to  the  Ii'ot|iiois,  ami  peace  is  I'estoi'cih 

Not  a  >iiii;'le  ('liri.>'ri;i!i  Iniliaii  I'eiiiaiiiini:' :  the  ()tawas, 
since  the  departufc  of  the  Iluroiis  proviiii:'  nninanaiieahle,  '- 
aixl  the  liceiitioiisiios  of  the  l)Ush-lop('rs  (lunir'  m's  <h  hois) 
e\c(.'('(lini:'  all  IkhuhIs,  the  nii»ionai'ies  (  De  ("arheil,  Marest, 
and  jierhai)s  Kiijalrain  hum  the  i-lnirch  and  house,  and  leave 
for  (^iieln'c.  (ii(\-ernor  (ieiieralde  \'audreuil  sends  (ti'ders 
to  all  till'  Fi'cnch  at  .^^ichililnacl<inac  to  come  d(»wn  to  the 
c<»lonv. 

17ll^  (fovenior  (teiieral  de  X'aiidrenil  sent  I  )e  Louvii::ny 
to  I'c-cstahlish  I'^ort  Michiliniackinac,  which  lie  did,  hut  on 
the  soutii  shore. 

ITiM.  I'ctcr  FiMiicis  .Xavii'r  Charlevoix  it  .Michiliniaclv- 
inac. 

17l!^.  Sieur  Marcliaiid  1  )e  I.i^-nerv'.s  e\})editioii  at  Mich- 
iliiua(d<inac. 

17'"»i'.     Sicui'  |)eI)uissoti  in  connnan<i  at 'Micliiliinackiiuic. 

17»'l.  As  a  ctHiseijUence  of  the  >uri'ender  of  (^uehec.  on 
the  l^th  of  Septeniher,  \.l'i\K  the  l''rench-( 'anadian  posts 
Nveiv  li'ivi'ii  up  to  the  British,  iuit  the  latter  did  not  arrive  at 
Michiliniackiuac  until  Septendter  2Stli,  17<>1,  when  Captain 
lU'lfour,  of  the  Soth  Ucirinient.  arrived  from  Deti'oit  with  a 
detaciiment  of  the  ♦>ntji  and  x'tli  lie^iments.  I.eavinir 
Lieutenant  liC^lie,  of  the  li(»yal  American  or  ♦loth  Kciiiment, 
with  oiH"  fier<^'eant,  one  corporal,  one  drummer,  and  twenty- 


tive  pr 
party. 
Altl 
was  \\> 
The 
Ni»\'eii 
and  < « 
j-\'l»ru; 
with 
L(»ui>i; 
l*en>ac 
Cuha. 
Loui 

|.!elf..l 
the  I'n 


17<;:i 

and  eiu 

.1  niK 

I'isoii  c( 

he^lie, 

while  1 

ihe  hal 

the  phi 

>(piaw!' 

had  pi' 

rai>ed 

.lamet 

Lieute 

the  re? 

wards 

the  !•'( 


Hl>lni;i(  Al.     K\  I  NTS. 


■'  ( 


('"lonv  of  all 
>ta\vas,   iij)ou 

r. 

fii   tilt'  peace, 

lie  retiini>  lo 

liiin    l>y    the 

Tiiev  apfilo- 

tiie  ()ta\vas, 
iiiiiauaii'eaMe, 
'<  ili'.s  </>  Ixtis) 
•lieil,  Miirest, 
ise,  and  leave 

sends  ordei's 
down   to  the 

)e  LouvinJiV 
did,  hut   on 

Uichiliniaek- 
i<»n  at  Micii- 

iliniaelxinue. 
<^Miel)e('.  on 
atliaii  posts 
lot  iiiTive  at 
leii  Captain 
ti'oit  with  a 
Lea\intj" 
1  lle<j;in»ent, 
iiid  twunty- 


!iv('  pri\at(_'s  of  the  >anie  ren'inieiir.  Captain  Uelfonr  and  !ii< 
pai'ty.  on  (  )crol»rr  Ist.  proci'tMled  to  (rrcrn   Hay.  \Vi.-. 

Althonu'h  the  British  occnpied  and  c-oiiti'olU'd  ( 'anada.  it 
was  not  formally  ee(h'(l   to(ireat   Ih'itain    nntil   17t'"">. 

The  preliniinai'ies  of  |)ea(H'  wci'e  sii^'ned  at  j-'ontainchlcan. 
Novemhei'  -'mI.  IT<t2,  hrtween  the  <'ourt>  of  I'rancc.  Spain 
and  ( ii'cat  Ih'itain.  lly  the  definitive  treaty  ^iu'iUMl  at  I*ai-i>, 
fchrnai'v  i<'th.  IT*!-'!.  l»y  these  thi'cc  iiavat  powers  toMfrhci" 
with  l*(H'tnn-al,  ("aiia<la  wa>  ceded  to  (ii'eat  Uritain.  and 
i^ouisiaiia  to  Spain  in  f.\chan:i't'  tor  Florida,  and  the  Hay  of 
I'ciisacola,  which  Spain  liavc  up  to  (ireat  Hi'itain  to  ivco\i'|- 
Cuha. 

I.oui-iana  wa-  rctrocciK-il  to  l-'raiicc  hy  the  ti'caty  cf  St. 
Mclfoiixi.  ()ctol.(M'  1-t.  1^'Mi,  an<l  pur<'tia>ed  fi'oiu  I'lancf  hy 
the  Cnited  Stale-  in   l^t'.'l. 

co\simi;acv  or  I'ontiac. 

17<I''».  Cndci'  thi>  con-pii'acy  eleven  po>t.-  wcit  attacked, 
and  ciii'lit  capturcil, 

dniu-'Jd.  I'tii't  M  ichiliinarkinac  wa>  capturiMl.  Tin-  i^ar- 
I'isoii  (•oii-.i>t('tl  of('aptain  Ml  lifriuLiion.  Licn!riiant>  .iaiuci  and 
holie,  and  ahdin  t  liii'ty-ti\ c  men.  .\  hand  of  ( 'hippewa.-, 
while  j)layini:'  a  uan'e  of  hall  jn-t  ont>ide  of  the  {•'ort.  kiioekeil 
the  hall,  as  if  \\\  accident,  so  that  it  fell  in>ide  the  .-tockade  ; 
the  |>layer>  rushed  after  it.  and  ^ei/.in::  their  weapon.-  from 
>(piaw>.  who  had  them  concealeil  niidei'  tlu'ir  Maid<et-.  and 
hail  previ(»u>ly  eiitciretl  the  I'lH't  a>  a  part  of  the  plot,  they 
rai>e(l  the  war-whoop  and  fell  U|»on  the  i:arri>on.  I.ienteiiant 
.laniet  and  fifteen  men  wei'e  killed,  ('aptain  I']tlierini;t<»n  an<l 
l.ientenanf  Li'^lie,  who  were  walchiiiu'  the  i^anie  of  li;dl,  and 
the  I'est  <»f  the  ij['arri>on  \vei'e  taken  pri>oiu'is  :  they  wereafter- 
wanls  i'ai>uineil  hy  Ijeuteiiant  (ioi'elland  hi-  command  fi'Mn 
I  he  l"'ort  at  ( ireeii  I'»a\ . 


.\.\.\.\r.>  OF  F(>i;r  ma(  kixac 


17^'>.  -Inly  ir)tji.  The  British  ahaiKloii  rlic  Fort  at  "Old 
Mackiiiat- *'  and  traii>t't'r  the  Li'arrisuii  to  Mackinac  l.'-land, 
wlifiv  tliL'V  Itiiild  the  present  k'ort  Mackinac.  The  lii.storv 
of  *•  .\[odern  ^fa(•kill;!(' "    ]H'o|>ei'I_v  be<i"ins  at  this  date. 

lT>-5.  l'»v  the  detinitive  treaty  of  peace  i)et\veeii  (xreat 
IJritain  and  the  I'liited  States,  made  and  si^'ned  at  Paris.  Sep- 
temher  .')"!,  17^;).  hy  l)avi(l  Ilai'th'y  on  the  part  of  (rreat 
Ilritaiii.  and  hy  .l«»hn  Aihiin-.  lleiijainin  l-'raid<lin,  and  .Folm 
day  on  the  part  <d'  the  Cintefl  States,  thi-  post  of  Micliili" 
niackinac  fell  within  the  i)oiiiidai'y  of  the  Tinted  States,  hut 
under  vai'ious  pretenses  the  Knijiisli  refu.-ed  to  \vith(h'aw  their 
troi(p>,  and  occupied  it  with  other  hd<(.'  po>rs. 

IT'-'i.  \W  the  .-ccuiid  artich'  <d'  the  treaty  (d"  anuty,  com- 
merce and  na\"ii:'ation,  itetween  (ireat  llritain  and  the  I'nited 
States.  conchi(h'(]  at  ljtn(h»ii,  Knii'hind.  Novemher  ll>th,  IV1*4, 
and  >i;^'netl  Iiy  llaron  ( irenville,  on  the  pai't'of  (treat  P>ritain, 
and  hy  Hon.  John  .lay.  on  rlie  pai't  of  rlie  I'nited  States 
( i-atitications  exchaiiii'ed  <  )ctoher  I'sth.  IT'.*.'*,  and  pro(daimed 
l*'eliruary  I'l'th.  17'.>t»i,  it  was  ,-tipuIate(l  rlmt  fi-oiii  all  posts 
within  the  houndary  liiu^s  assiii'ned,  hy  the  treaty  of  j)eiice  to 
the  Tinted  States,  the  Uritish  rroi»p>  should  he  withdrawn  on 
ol'  hefore  dune    ist.    1  7'*'>. 

17l>"».  I*»y  .-ti[»nlation  l.'l.  ai'ticle  ."'.of  a  ti'eaty  of  peace 
hetween  the  Tnited  States  and  tlietrihesof  Indians  called 
the  Wyandots,  Delawai'es.  Shawnees,  ()tawas,  ( 'hi])[>ewas, 
I*ottawatonn*es.  Miamis,  Tel  liivers.  Weas,  Kickapoos,  PiidvC- 
shaw'- and  Kaskaskias.  made  at  ( Jreenville,  ( )hio.  on  tlu>  .3d 
o{  .Vuii'ust.  I7l*'>.  and  siiiiied  hy  (ieneral  Anthony  Wayne,  on 
the  part  of  the  Tinted  States,  aixl  hy  the  Sachems  and  War- 
chiid's  of  the  >aid  trihes,  the  Indians  ceded  to  the  I'lnted 
States  ••  the  po>t  of  M ichilimackiuac,  ami  all  tlu'  land  on  the 
island  on  which  that  post  stan<ls.  and  the  maiii  land  adjacent, 
ou  which  the  Indian  title  lia>  heeii  extiiiii'uisheil  hv  iiift^  oi* 
grants,  to  the  Trench  oi-  Tnolish  (iovernmeiits ;  and  ii  piece 


i 


i 


iii-i'>KirAi.   i:\K.\i>. 


*^.^t  at  "Old 
kinae  Lslaiid, 
The  history 
«  <hite. 

tweeu  (treat 
it  Paris,  dep- 
art of  ( Treat 
in,  and  Jolm 
t  of  Michili- 
d  States,  hut 
tli(h'aw  their 

amity,  eoin- 
1  the  I  'iiite*! 
r  l!»rh.  IVIM, 
reat  I'ritain, 
iiited  States 
IM'uchiiined 
»iii  all  posts 
'  of  |)eace  to 
ithdrawn  ou 

t,v  of  peaeo 

diaiis  called 

( 'hij)pe\vas, 

>oos,  Pinke- 

.  on   the  8d 

r  \\^iyne,  on 

IS  and  War- 

tlie  I'niteil 

land  on  the 

id  adjaeent, 

hy  .li'ifts  or 

and  a  piece 


I 


I 


40 


ANNA!.-    Ill'    |-.  i|M-    MAfKIXAr 


(if  l;i!p|  (III  til!'  iiiiiiii  tiitlio  imrtli  of  the  i>l;nnl.  hi  iiiCM-iirf 
>i.\  iiiilo.  oti  L.'ikc  IIuiMii.  or  r!ic  >r!';iir  licrwi.'eii  I.iikc-  liui'dii 
;i!nl  Miclr'ii'.iii.  iiihI  to  cxttMhl  tlii'cc  mile- li;ick  trdin.  tlie  warer 

I)(ii,    .>i;iii('."   tiic 


(I 


t    rill'  lake  iir  >rr,ii!  ;   and  al-d.  the  i.-laiid 


lartci'   lii'iiii:'   an    cxri'a   am!    \i -jiiiirai'v   u'ift   of  the   ('lii[i|ii.' 


w 


iiat  Kill. 


IT'.'ti.  ( )ctiiJK'i'.  Two  ctimpaiiics  nf  (iiiti-ii  Stares  ri'oups, 
uii<l(,'r  tlic  (•(iiiiiiiaiKl  111  Major  Ilciirv  llui'lirck.  wirli  ('apraiii 
Aliiicr  Triiir  ami  i jcurciiaiiN  I'IIk'Hc/i,'!'  ^[a>^a_v  and  .Injiii 
.Alicliacl.  arri\('d  ami  rook  i)o>>(,'>sion  of  the  i>o>r   of    Mid 


[nil 


inacl<iiia('. 

I^<>l\  In  llie  vcar  I'^od  ilic  Cdnnccticiit  Mi>.-.ionarv  S.i- 
cicty  x'lit  Ucv.  l)avid  I'licon  i  farlid'  of  rlic  larc  \lv\.  \)\. 
Leonard  Hacon.  of  New  liaNcn.  who  wa>  Imrn  in  I)erroir  in 
1>'''J)  a- a  i!Ms>ionai'_v  ro  niir  frontier ;  lie  ai'rivcMJ  at  hetroir 
.\m:ii-'  1  Itli.  l^od.  wjiere  lie  \\a>  entertained  at  the  liou.-e  .if 
the  coiiniiandaiit.  Ma  jor  Thomn-  Iliinr.  I'.  S.  A. 

Mr.  llaei.n  K'I't  I)en'oir,  with  hi-  famiiv.  and  came  to 
Mackinac  in  .luiie.  1  "^"l'.  where  he  remained,  teachiiii:'  and 
|>reachinu'  until  Auun>t,   l"^'*!.  when  he  wa<  recalled. 

U"\.  I)a\id  llacon  wa>  the  //V-v/  I'l'ote-iaiit  wdio  preached 
al   .Ma(d-;inac. 

I  "^  1  l'.  .liiiM'  l^tli,  wai'  witii  (ireat  I  Irirain  \va>  declai'ed  hv 
th.' ( 'oiii:'ri'ss  of  the  I'nited  State.-  hv  a  sute  of  7'.'  to  4"  in 
the  Iloii-e.aiid  1'.'  to  1;;  in  the  Senate,  .lime  I'.'lli.  war  wa- 
formaiU'  prochiiiued  hy  I're.-ident  .Madi>on. 


!l 


4 


i 

4 


tk('>  II  iii'oil 
!  tlie  w.irei' 

(  'Ilipj.L'WM 


III«>l<ii;!r.U.   i:\  I.N  i>. 


41 


Ni  (  ';i|ir;iiii 
;tn(I   ,I(i|iii 

"'    Mic'liili- 

'»li;ii'\-     So- 
'  Uvv.  \)i: 

I)('ri'..ir  ill 
r    I)t'rr..ir 

('.'line  i(, 
'liiiiH-  ;m,j 
1. 

cliiri'ij  l.\- 
r..  4.1  ii; 

^v;l^  w  a.> 


MA  J.  \VM.  WHISTLER,  TJ.  S.  A., 
Commanding  Fort  Mackinac.  1833. 


?  4 


jU} 


4l> 


ANNA  I.-    <'F    F"'  ii;  1     MA(   KIN  A" 


sn;i;KXi)i:u  of  mirr  Miciiii.nrACKiXAC. 


I)KTH<nT,  AULIU>I  4tli,  1S1',>. 

SiK — I  (like  till' cai'lic-t  (i|i]i,irt!inity  Id  aci(Uaiiit  Viuir  Kxccllciicy  ol' 
thr  viirn'mlcr  lit' the  i:ari'i^iin  nf  MicliiHiiiackiiKic  uikIit  my  cnmiuaiid,  to 
liis  HritaiDiic  Majc--ty"s  fore  f-^  uiulri-  tln'  (•(iiiiiuaiiii  nf  Captain  CliarkN 
IJnhci'K.  (Ill  tlic  IIlli  ulliiiio,  flic  parliculars  (if  which  arc  a^  follows:  On 
the  li'itli.  I  wa^  iiif(inii('(l  liytlic  Iiuiiaii  Iiitcrin'rlcr  that  lie  had  discovercMl 
frMiii  an  luiliaii  llial  Ihc  several  nations  of  Indians  then  at  St.  .loscph  (;l 
l!rii;-li  Liari'ison,  distant  aliout  forty  mih'-)  inlciidril  to  inaki'  an  irnnie- 
diaic  attack  on  Micliiliinarkinac. 

I  wa>  inclined,  from  the  cooliic-s  1  had  discovered  in  some  of  tjie  ]irin- 
cipal  chiefs  of  the  ( )tta\va  -aw]  ("hip])ewa  nalions,  who  had  luit  a  few  days 
hefiii'c  profe<s((|  ihe  liTeatc-l  fi'iendship  for  the  United  States,  to  plac<^ 
.Mniideiice  ill  this  report. 

I  iiiinie  liately  calleil  a  nieetin;:'  of  the  Anierican  ii'cntlemcn  at  that  time 
on  the  i'^l  iiid,  in  which  it  wa^  Ihoniiiit  jiroper  to  dispatch  a  coniideiitial 
pel'-' 111  to  St.  .loHcpli  to  watch  the  motions  of  the  IndiaiH. 

Captain  .Michael  Doiisinaii.  of  the  militia,  was  lhouL;'ht  the  mo-t  siiilalile 
tor  tlii- -ervice.  1  le  einliarked  aliout  sunset,  and  met  the  r»rilisli  f<irr('.s 
within  tell  or  tifteeii  miles  of  the  island,  hy  wlioin  he  was  made  lui-oner 
aii'l  put  on  his  parole  of  honor.  He  was  lainh'il  on  tlie  island  at  d  iv- 
lireak,  wiili  po-itive  directions  lo  li'ive  me  no  inttdliixcnco  whatevei'.  Ho 
w  ,1-  a!-o  iii-tructe(!  to  take  the  inhabitants  of  the  vilhi.ii'i;,  indiscriminately, 
to  a  place  on  the  west  siih'  of  the  island  where  tlicir  persons  and  projierly 
>lionl(i  lie  protecied  hy  a  I^ritish  guard,  hut  should  tiiey  ^o  to  the  Foit, 
they  Would  lie  suliject  to  a  Li'i'iieral  massacre  tiy  the  savau'cs,  which  would 
lie  iiievitalili' if  the  Li'arri^oii  !ire([  a  i:'un.  Tin-  information  I  received 
from  Do'tor  Day.  who  was  |i;i--inLi'  throiiii'Ii  the  villaiic  when  every  person 
wa-  tlyiiiLi'  for  refiii:'e  to  the  enemy.  I  iminediately,  on  lu'liig'  inforineil 
ot  the  apjiroaeh  of  the  enemy,  placed  ammunition,  etc.,  in  thelllock 
hoiisc-.;  ordei'i'd  every  liun  charii'ed.  and  made  every  preparation  for 
action  Aliout  il  o'cli»ck  I  could  discover  that  the  enemy  were  in  posses- 
sion of  the  lieiii'hts  that  coin  mam  lei  1  the  Fori,  ami  one  piece  of  their  artil- 
lery (lii'eeteil  to  the  iiio-l  defeiicele'-<  part  of  the  li'arri-oii.  The  Indians 
at  this  time  Were  to  be  seen   in   .great    numbers  in  the  edge  of  the  woods. 


lII>|ni:i(AI.         "KNTS. 


43 


sAC. 

li,  ISV2. 
Ifiicy    of 

lIllMIld,    to 

1   Cliiirlfs 
)\vs:     On 
i<c()vci'e(l 
Fo>;<'l>h  (a 
n   iriiiiio- 

tJic  i)riii- 
fcwdays 
to   ])laco 

liai  time 
iiilciitial 

Miilahic 
li  lorccs 
pri^oiici- 

at  (I  ly- 
<r.  Ho 
liiiiitcly, 
tropt'ily 
<■  Fort, 
I  Would 
■(•(■(■ivcd 

■   IK'l'^Ol) 

iforiiicd 
■  MIock 
inn   for 

p(>S.S(?S- 

ir  artil- 
liidians 
woddis. 


'a 


At  lialf-pa^t  11  o'clock  the  ciiciiiy  >cnl  in  a  tlaLi'  of  truce,  dcinaiidiiii:"  a  sur- 
render of  the  Foil  and  i^laml  to  lii>  Britannic  Majesty's  forces.  This. Sir, 
was  tlie  tir>t  information  I  iiad  of  the  deolaratiiui  of  war;  I.  however,  liad 
anticipated  it,  and  was  as  well  prepared  to  meet  su(  h  an  event  as  I  pos- 
sibly couldh;ive  been  with  the  foree  under  my  command,  amountinu' 
to  .")?  elTeetive  men,  includinL;' otticers.  TlinM.'  Amcriean  gentlemen,  wiio 
Were  prisoners,  were  permitt(_'d  to  accompany  the  tlair:  from  them  I  asccr- 
laineij  the  streniith  of  the  enemy  to  he  from  nine  hundred  to  one  thou^anil 
^troiiL;',  eon-istim:' of  reir'ular  'roops.  Canadians  ami  >avaLi.'es;  that  they 
had  two  pieces  of  artillery,  ami  were  provided  with  ladders  and  rope<  for 
the  purpose  of  scalinu'  the  work-^,  if  neces>-arv.  After  I  h;id  ohtained  this 
information,  I  eonsulted  my  otlicers,  and  aUo  the  American  t;entlemen 
present,  who  were  very  intellig'ent  men;  the  yc-n\\  of  which  wa<,  that  it 
was  impos-^ible  for  the  irarrison  to  hold  oiu  aiiain-l  such  a  >uperior  force. 
Ill  thi-- opinion  I  fully  concurre(l,  from  the  conviction  that  it  was  the  only 
measure  that  could  prevent  a  u'eneral  ma^siert!.  The  Fort  and  garri^uu 
were  accordinuly  ■'Urrendered. 

The  enclosed  ]Kipers  exhibit  copies  of  the  correspondence  between  the 
otticer  coinmandiiiL;,'  the  Hritish  forc's  and  my-elf,  and  of  the  article-  of 
eapitidation.  'I'his  subject  involved  iiui'-tions  of  a  peculiar  nature;  and 
I  hope.  Sir.  that  my  demands  and  protects  will  meet  the  ai>i>robatio!i  of 
my  uovernmeiit.  I  cannot  allow  this  .pporlunity  to  escape  without  e\- 
jtie-vinL;'  my  oliliiiation  to  Doctor  SylvcNier  Day.  for  the  service  he  ren- 
dered me  in  conduetim;'  this  correspondence. 

In  con->e(|uen<'e  of  this  unfortunate  idVair,  I  beu'  leave.  Sir,  to  demand 
that  a  Court  (d' Iiiijuiry  may  be  ordered  to  invesiiiiate  all  the  fa<'ts  con- 
nected with  it;  and  I  do  furtlier  re(piest.  that  the  court  may  lie -jieciidly 
directed  to  exprc-s  their  opinion  on  the  merits  of  the  (;ase. 

1  have  the  honour  to  be.  Sir,  ete. , 


POUTER  HANKS, 


His  Excellency  (Jewieral  III  i,i,, 

Cimiiun tiding  the  y.    W.  Arm//. 


Li(  'I  ft  iniiit  "/'  Ar/i/Ur//. 


V.  S. — Tile  followitii:'  i>artieulars  relatiiiLi'  to  the  I'riti-h   foica-   were  ot; 
taiiHMJ  attei'  the  eapitulatioiK  from  a  -ource  that  admits  of  no  doubt: 


41  A.NNAI.-    (>\-     I-i'lM     '>IA(   KlNAi  . 

Ri-Lnilai'  tiddit- Id  itichiiliiiu^  nnicci's. 

( ';in;iili;iii  iiiilithi    ...    '.2'Kl 

Tdtiil.    '.'Ill 

Sa\aLic>. 

Siniix .*)'", 

W'iiiiH'ljaLfo''^ .  -t"^ 

Mciiiiiii.iiicc-. . :i5t 

Cliiplii'Wa^  anil  Otlaw.a-' •">T"2 

71.")  SavaLii'^. 
:;ii(;  Wliitc-. 

'l\.lal .  . .1(»-21 

It  iiia_\  aU'i  hr  rciiiarUi-il,  Ihal  uni-   hiiinlicil    aiwl    litly    ( 'lii|i|ic\va-    ainl 
<  )lta  \va^  jiiiiird  I  he  l>i'ili-ii  Iwn  il.ay--  a  tier  ilic  caiiitulalion. 

\\  H. 


(latii  <| 
(.•I'tV   fJ 


N 


rlR' 


.Mn  iiii,iMA(  Ki.\  \r.  Mich..  .lulv  Kili.  1^1'J. 


C'AIM  ri  L.vrioN 


Aji'l'it')    'Iji'ili    }iihl'(iii    Ciljitilt'll    ('lii(rf(^    linhcrts^     Ciiill'tYiil  iiiVi  iiij     Ids      Ih'itil  n  II  i( 
M'f /(  x/>/'.\   fi  !/■(■,  s,    (II,     tin      nil,      jHiri.    illiil      IJi  III,  liil  1,1      I'nlti  I'    Ililliks. 

C'liii iiiii iiildiij  ilii:  fijii'tx  "t  tl,i    [  iiititJ  stilt,  s.  nil  the  (itlii  r. 


AUriCI.Ks. 

1.   'I'lic  Fmt  n|'  .Micliiliniackinac  >liall  iniiufdiatflx  lif  >urrtiiili'icii  tu  the 


IJrit 


l-ll     Idl'CC 


(Ji'aiilc 


II.  The  Liarrisoii  ^liall  march  on'  with  the    hdiniur-  of    wai.  lay    (h>\\n 
Ihi'ii' ai'ius,  and  liccdinc  |tii-.oiu'r^  <d' war,  and    shall   he  sent  to  the  rnitcd 
>^tate^  (it  .\ineric;i  liy  hi^  lirilar.iuc  Majesty.     Nut  Id  serve  in  thi^  \\\w  nnt  il 
vcii'ulatiy  c.vchanircd;  and  tof  the  dne  pei'lDriiiance  of  ihi^  article  the  ntli 
cer^  jiledu'c  thcii'Wdi'd  oT  hniKnir.     Gi'aiitcd. 

III.  All  the  lucrchaiit  ves^cU  in  i  he    harltour.  with  their  cariine^,  ^hall 
he  in  tin   |)(i'«>essi()n  of  theif  respective  owners,     (irantcd. 

\\ .    Private  prnperty  shall  he  iield  sacrt/d.     (traiited. 


iii>i'ii:it  Ai.   i:\  K.NTs, 


V.  All  citi/cii- of  the  I'liitiMl  Stat('>  of  America  wiio  ^h.ill  not  take  Ilit 
oath  of  alli'^iaiici' to  hi>-  IJiitaiinii-  Maji'>ty.  -IimU  (Icpart  with  their  juop 
»n'lv  fi'oiii  the  i^laml  in  one  month  fi'oin  the  date  liei'eof.      (Ji'anted. 


(Siuiicd) 


CIIAULES  HOP.EKTS, 


C 


I'lii  iiti( 


(i,ilin(j  II.   It.  M'lji  sii:'s  0,1 


POUTER  HANKS. 

L''iniiiiHii<h'n(j  Hit   forCi.^  nf  tin 

I'llit  <l  St,if(s  of  Ann  n'l'il. 


NoTi>.— Dr.  Svlvotei-  Dav.  V.  S.  A. 


\\' 


IS  tl 


u'  Siiro'i'Mii   at 


rill'  Forr.  lie  and  liis  family  residtMl  at  the  rime  in  a  liidise 
hflono'ini:'  to  tlic  late  SaniUL'l  A l»l»<»rt.  which  stood  (Ui  a  lot  now 
ownod  and  ('nltiv;itL'(l  as  a  o'ardcn  h_v  Mr.  l*;itric'k  Donnelly, 
oil  the  east  side  of  and  adjuiiiino-  Ids  residence  on  A>toi' 
.-treet.  ^Ir.  Aliehael  Donsman  went  to  the  lioiise  and  tohl 
the  inmates  of  tlie  jireseiice  of  the  Dritish  on  the  island. 
Dr.  Dav  immediately  ai'ose,  and    takiiiir   liis   familv    (one   of 


wlKHii,   ins   son, 


is   n<»\v    (leiieral    Ilannihal    Dav,  I 


A.), 


went  to  the  Fort  and  warned  the  oan-isonof  the  aj»|)roa<'li  ttf 


the  foe. 

His  Majesty's  forces  were  under  tlie  command  of  Captain 
Cliarles  Ii(.)l>erts,  of  the  Tenth  Royal  \^eteran  ]*>attaiioii,  and 
consisted  of  forty  reii'ulars  of  the  same  reii'iinent,  with  two 
six-pounders,  which  were  emharked  at  St.  »Ii'>epli  on  hoard 
the  N.  W.  Co.'.s  sliip,  "  Caledonia  ; "'  two  hundred  and  .-i.xty 
Canadians,  with  their  employes,  and  four  hundred  Iinliaiis, 
with  tell  hatteaux  and  seventy  caiujes. 

The  Aiiiericaii  troops  numbered  sixty-three  persons,  in- 
cludiiio;  tive  sick  men  an<l  one  dri   nmer  hoy. 

There  were  nine  vessels  in  the  liarlKU",  havinjj:  on  hoard 
forty-seven  men.  After  the  capitulati(»ii  two  other  ve>sels 
arrived,  with  seven  hundred  packs  of  furs. 

The  ])risoiiers  were  sent  to  » )etroit,  arrivino;  t'cre  Aiio'ust 
4th.    tlieiice    to    F(jrt    Favette,    where    J^ittshurii'.    I'a.,   mnv 


4<; 


ANN  A  I.-    CI-     IiiKT    MAI   KIN  A< 


.-~ta!i(l>.  wiici'c  ;i  I'dll  allows  tlieiii  to  Inive  hecii  inustere*]  <>ii 
tlic  1  Tth  (l;iv  i.f   Ncvciiilu'r.  1>>1'J. 

Liciirctuiiir  Ilaiik.-  n'a>  kilk-tl  AiiLi"U>^  10.  wliilc  >rill  un 
j)arul('.  li_v  a  >li(>t  fn'cd  from  the  Caiiailiaii  >iil(,'.  while  he  was 
>tan(liiiii'  in  the  i^'ateway  of  tlic  fort  at  DctiMit. 

The  eitizeii>  >oUi:'ht  I'efuii'c  in  ;iii  old  distillerv.  wliicli  was 
situated  under  tlio  hlulf  near  the  ohi  Indian  huryini:' ground, 
west  of  the  vilhtii'c.  The  r>i-iri>ii  >enr  a  i^uard  rhei"<'  iiniiic- 
<liately  after  landing:'. 

The  three  Amei'iean  licnth-nieii  ijirixwierM  i'el'ei're(l  to  lt_v 
Lieutenant  IIank>.  went  from  the  (hVtiUei'v  to  ('attain  K(»h- 
ert>'  commauiL  '^Fhev  Avere  Samuel  Ahhott.  flohn  I)ou>man 
and  Amiifox'  I  )avenj)oi't.  all  pi-omineiit  citi/eii.-  of  the 
viilaii'e,  and  well  calculated  tn  conipi'ehend  the  true  .-tate  <.»t 
affairs. 

l"'(i;i  IIolme>  wa>  huilt  while  tlie  Ui'iti.-h  held  jii>sse>sinn  of 
the  i>land.  in  l^TJ  and  1>«14.  'J'he  itdial>itant>  of  rhe  vdlla^'e 
weiH'  all  f(M'ce(|  to  couti'ihute  lahoi'. 

It  wa>  calle(l  l>_v  the  nriti>li  l-'oi't  (ieoru'e.  in  lioiior  of  the 
IJriti.-h  kinii' :  afterward  I'echri.-tened  iiv  the  American>  in 
Jidiior  of  Majoi'  Andrew  Hunter  IIi>lme>.  who  wa-  killed 
August  4.  1^14. 

The  old  ditclio  can  he  plainly  >een  :    the  parapet  wa>    pi'o- 


tected  hy  cevlai'  j»i(d>;ets.  .>«o  planted  as  to  render  scaling'  im- 
po»ihle  without  a  laddei".  The  co\-ei'ed  u-ay>.  con>tructed 
tt»  shelter  the  tr(,t<)p>.  have  fallen  in.  In  the  centre  «»f  the 
eiudosure  there  was  a  huildiiii;'  u>etl  as  a  hlockdunise  and 
powdei-  maii'aziui'.  It  was  renioxed  hy  the  Americans,  and 
i>  now  u>etl  a>  the  ii'overnment   >tahle. 

The  platform  that  now  crown>  the  >uninnt.  and  C(.>mmands 
a  mau'iniiceiit  view  of  the  Straits  and  the  suri'oundinu  coun- 
try. wa>  huilt  hy  (Japtain.  aftei'ward  Colonel.  d<'hn  N.  Ma- 
cond».  dui'imi'  a  >urvey  of  tin-  lakes  in  l^iO.  .\>  you  .-tand 
on  rhi>  i)latform.   three  hundred  and  tweiitv   feet    ahove    the 

1  1/ 


iii>i('i;i(AL   i:\i;xi>. 


47 


level  of  the  surruiuuliiiii'  water,  faciiiii'  towaiNl  the  tla::-sralV 
in  the  Fort,  on  your  riii'ht  is  i'oinr  Sr.  I^-iiace,  four  niilus 
distant,  the  southern  extrcniitv  df  the  iiorrhcrn  penin>nl;i  of 
]\richiii'an  ;  nearly  in  front  of  you  lies  Maek'inaw  City  :  eiuht 
mill's  (li-tant.  on  the  northei'U  ])oint  of  the   southern   pi'nin- 


Block  House.  Built  in  1780 


sula.  a  littk'  to  the  riu'ht,  is  where  old  I'ort  Michiiiinackinac 
stood,  where  the  nia>ssaere  of  .iune  I'd.  17<>''>.  took  plaee:  a 
little  farther  to  the  left  C'hehoyu'an.  eiu'hteen  nules  di,-rant, 
and  off  to  the  left,  where  the  northern  shore  and  tlu'  water 
seem  to  min^-le  and  disa|)})ear  toii'ether.  is  the  mouth  uf  the 
St.  ]\[arv\s  Uiver,  thirtv->even  miles  distant. 


48 


AX.V.M.-    OF    l<'i;r    MACKINAC 


NAN'AI.   IIA'rTLK  (>X   LAKK  VAIW. 


l^l.'l,  ScptciiiKci-  It'rli.  rhc  li«i>riK'  Hc('i>  ..f  (ircat  I'>nt;iii) 
;iii«l  tIu'  I'liitctl  Sratcs,  oii  Lake  Krir.  iiict  near  tlio  head  u( 
the  Lake,  and  a  >aiii:'iiiiiai'V  liattlc  <.'ii>iU'd.  Tlu'  I5i'iti>]i  tlect 
(•<tii>i>r(.'d  of  >i.\  v('s.-rl>,  carrvitii:'  .-ixtv-foui"  u'uiis.  iindiT  t'oin- 
iiiaiid  <tt'  tin-  xctei'aii  ( 'oimiikmIoi-c  Ilarday.  ;<tid  tlu'  \\vv\  of 
tilt'  ( 'iiitcil  Sratrs  coiiM-ri'd  of  nine  voxels,  cari'viiiii'  liftv- 
foiii"  i:uii>.  uiidci'  coniiiiaiid  of  the  \ouiii:'  and  heave  Coiiiiiio- 
doi-e  (  )li\t'r  II.  IVti'v.  Tlif  ivsu'.t  of  this  important  coiitlict 
\va>  math'  known  ti»  the  woi'M  in  the  folh>\vinn'  laconic  dis- 
patch, written  at  4  i'.  m.  <d'  that  die y  : 


"  I)k\I!  (JKNia;  \i.: — \\'<   have  nut  the  (.■iiciuv,  and  Uu'V  are  ours,     T 
-lii|t>.  two  l)i'iii>.  one  ^clm  iirr.  and  uiic  -.loip. 

•'  With  c-tri  in,  (  te,. 


\V() 


«)    II,  PFdiHV 


(Jcnclal   Wn.l.I  \M    II.    II AKISISON." 


III>l"rw!CAI.    KVKNTS. 


49 


Block  Hoisc.  Built  in  1780. 


50 


A  NX  A  I,-    <-F    I('IM     MATKINA* 


JJATTLK  OF  MICIIIIJMACKINAC 


KI.I'olM     ol-     (<il..    (.i;<>i:*.K    CUdi.liAX. 


r.  S.  S.   War  Xia<;.\I!a,  okk  Thindki;  hay.  } 


All-U-t  IMll.  isit. 


( 


Siu— We  left  Fort  (iraliot  ihciul  of  the  -trait-  St.  Clair)  on  tiif  r-2tli 
nil.  and  imairincd  that  we  -liotilil  arrive  in  a  few  day- at  MaNliadash  Bay. 
At  till'  end  ot  a  week,  liowcvcr.  tiir  edininiidorr  ti'oni  the  want  of  pilot-  ae- 
(|Uiiiiitetl  with  that  unfi'r(|Ui'nti'(l  jiaii  of  tlic  laki  .  dc-paireii  of  Ik  ini:al»le  to 
find  a  passaii'e  tliroULiii  tlir  i-lani'  iiitotiie  bay.  and  made  for  St.  ,Io-c|>h'-, 
w  iici'c  lie  anchored  on  •JlHii  day  of  ,luly.  After  -ct  tin  u'  tiri'  to  the  Fnii  df  St. 
Joseph',"^,  whieh  sccnird  not  to  havi'  i)e<-iireeenl]y  occupied,  a  detachment 
of  infantry  and  artillery,  under  Major  Holme<.  w,!- ordered  to  Sault  St. 
!Mary">.  for  the  juirpo-e  of  ItreakinLr  up  th"  enemy",- e-talili-hment  at  that 
l>lace. 

For  pai'tic\ll;irs  I'ejative  to  the  (  xeciition  of  tiii-  order,  I  \h"j:  leave  to 
refe!' you  to  Majoi'  Holme-'  report  lienwith  enclo-ed.  Findim:  on  my 
arrixal  at  MichiliniaeUinac.  on  the '^tilh  ult.  that  the  enemy  had  -tionnly 
fortilieil  the  heii:lit  ovcrlookhii:'  the  old  Fort  of  Mackinac,  I  at  once  de 
-paired  ot  licini:'  ahle  with  my  -mall  force,  to  cany  the  place  liy  -t<'ini, 
.and  determined  (a>i  the  nidy  cour-e  i'ema";im:i  on  landiiii:  and  c-taMi-h 
inv  my-elf  on  some  favorable  position,  whence  1  coidd  be  ciiabled  to 
annoy  the  enemy  by  ui'atlual  and  -low  approache-.  uiuh'r  covim  ot  my 
artillery,  in  which  I  should  have  the -uperioiity  in  point  of  metal.  1  was 
urii'ed  to  adojit  this  step  by  another  i'e,i-on,  not  a  little  cou'ciit  :  couM  a 
position  be  taken  and  lortilied  on  the  i-lan<l.  I  was  well  aware  that  it 
Would  either  induce  the  enemy  to  attack  me  in  my  -tionuhold-.  or  lorce 
hi-  Indians  and  Canadian- ithe  mo»t  clh(  lent,  and  on!y  di-po-ab|e  turce) 
oll'tlie  i>lanil,  asthey  would  be  ver_\  unwillini:-  to  remain  in  u'.y  neinhbur 
liooil  after  a  peiiuam  lit  fo(»tiiii:  hail  lieeii  taken.  (Mi  enipiii\\.  1  leaiiied 
froni  indi\iduals  who  had  lived  many  years  on  the  i-laiid,  that  a  po-iiinn 
(li'siral'le  a-  I  miiiht  wish,  could  lie  found  on  the  we-t  end,  and  Iheielnre 
immediately  made  arrangement-  tur  ili-embarkiiii;.  A  landiiiu  \\a-« 
ctVected  (tnthe  Itliiu-t,.  uiidei' cover  ot  llieuuu-  of  the  -hippinii.  and 
the  lini'  lieiiiLi  quickly  formed,  h.ad  advanced  to  the  ed.:e  of  the  {i,'ld 
spoken  ol   for  a  cain[i,   when  intelliL:iiice  wa-  conveyed  to  nie,   that   the 


HISTnlMC  AI.     K\I;N  IS. 


ni 


...  J 


leave  to 
(111  my 
»ti()Ui:iy 
ce    (le 
^ti'iiii, 
l.li^ll 
lileil  |(. 
(it    lll\ 
1  \\a> 
ould  a 
thai   it 
r   I  dice 
tnrce) 
l-lilxif 
eallie(| 
Ki^il  idtl 

retort' 
ii:  \\a>« 
ii.    ami 

le    !i>'M 

lial    tlie 


^::i^:^'^^ 


-\  .;.;.,   ■-.n 


Col.  p.  DONAN. 


A^^\AI.^    I  IF    VnliT    .MACKTXAC 


t'ljL'iiiv  wa-  alicad.  and  a  lew  sufDuds    iwtnc  hrouiilit  us  a  tire  Irom  liis 


Itaftery  of  four  ])iect's,  tiriuii  slmt  and  sh 


After  reconnoiterinix  lii- 


|io.-ilioii,  which  waswull  stlectt'd.  liis  line  reaehed  ;i]oni:- tlie  edire  of  thi' 
woods,  at  the  furtlier  extremity  of  tlie  tieid  and  covered  hy  a  temporary 
l»rea>t  woriv  ;  1  (h'termineii  on  eiiaiiLdniJ,'  my  position  (whieli  was  now  two 
lines,  the  militia  forming  the  front ),  hy  adviuicing  Major  Holmes'  battal- 
ion of  regulars  on  the  riglit  of  the  militia,  tints  to  r)uttlank  Inm,  and  by  a 
viii'orous  etrort  to  gain  his  rear.  The  movement  was  imme<liately  orderetl. 
hilt  I)efore  it  cotdd  l)e  executed,  a  tire  was  ojicned  l)y'^ome  Indians  i)oste(l 
in  a  thick  wood  near  our  right,  which  proved  fatal  to  Major  Holmes  ami 
-I'Vcrely  wounded  Captaiit  Desha  (the  next  ofHcer  in  rai:  ).  This  unlucky 
tile.  l)y  depriving  us  of  the  services  of  our  most  valua'''-  otlicers,  threw 
thai  p;irt  of  the  liiK,'  into  confu-ion  from  which  the  best  exertions  of  the 
olHcers  were  not  alile  to  recover  it.  Finding  it  imi>ossil)le  to  gain  the 
enemy's  left,  owing  to  the  impenetrable  t]iiekiie>s  of  the  woods,  a  charge 
wa-  ordered  to  l)e  made  by  the  regulars  immediately  against  the  front. 
This  charge  although  made  in  some  confusion,  served  to  drive  the  enemy 
back  into  the  woods,  from  whence  an  annoying  lire  was  kejit  up  l)y  the 
Indian--. 

Lieut.  M(jrgan  was  ordere(i  up  with  a  light  piece  to  assist  the  left,  now 
i)articularly  galled  ;  the  excellent  practice  of  this  l)rought  the  enemy  to 
tire  at  a  lomrer  distance.  Discovering  that  this  disposition  tVoin  whence 
the  enemy  had  just  bet.'ii  driven  (and  which  had  ijcen  rciucscnted  to  me 
as  so  high  and  conunan  ding),  was  by  no  means  tenable,  from  being  iuter- 
spcrsed  with  thickets,  and  intersected  in  every   way  by  ravines,   I    deter- 


nuneil  no  longer  to  expose 


mv   force  to  the  lire  of  iui    eiieniv  deriving 


ever;,  advantaiie  whi<'h  could  be  obtained  from  nutnbers  ami  a  knowledge 
of  the  position,  and  therefore  ordered  au  immeiliate  retreat   towards  the 


iippmi 


This  alVair,  which  co>t  u-;  manv   valuable  lives,  leaves  us  to 


lament  tiie  f;dl  of  that  Lialliiiit  oHicer,  Major  Holmes,  whose  character  is 
so  well  known  to  the  war  depiirtmeiil.  Captain  Van  Home,  (d'  the  19th 
Infantry  and  Lieut.  .lackson  of  the  !24lh  Lifantry,  both  lirave  intrepid 
young  men  fell  woiuided  at   the   head  of  their  respective  (ommamls. 

The  conduct  of  all  my  ollicers  on  this  occasion  merits  my  approbation. 
Captain  l)e-ha,  of  the  ".Mlii  Iidantry.  although  wininded,  continueil 
with  his  connimnd  \uitil  forced  to  letiri- from  faintness  through  loss  of 
blood.  Captain-  Saunders,  Hawkins  iind  Sturges,  with  every  subaltern 
of  that  liatlalion.  acted  in  the  most  exemplary  manner.  Knsi'^n  Hryiin, 
2iid  Hitle  He-imeiit.  aciiiiu,'  Ailjutuiit  to  the  battalion,  actively  forwimled 


HI>T(>RI(AL    KVEXTS. 


53 


Block  House.  Built  in  1780. 


54 


ANNA  I. >    <>F    I-oin     MACKINAC. 


Ilic  wishes  of  the  foniniaudiiiij:  oiticer.  Licuts.  Hickman.  '2H\h  Infantry, 
aiul  Hyde  of  t}K'  U.  S.  MariiR's,  who  conimanded  the  reserve,  chiiin  my 
|)articular  thanks  for  tiicir  activity  in  keepiiii^  that  command  in  readiness 
to  meet  any  exigency.  I  have  hefon;  mentioned  Lieut.  M(jriian's  activity; 
his  two  assistants,  Lieut.  Pickett  and  Mr.  Peters,  conductor  of  artillery, 
aKo  merit  the  name  of  good  otHcers. 

The  militia  were;  wanting  in  no  part  of  their  duty.  Colonel  Cotgreave, 
hisoihec  and  soldiers,  deserve  the  warmest  ajiprobation,  My  acting 
assistant  Adjutant  (Icneral  Captain  N.  H.  Moore,  28lh  Infantr}-,  with 
volunteer  Adjutant  McComh,  were  promjit  in  delivering  my  orders. 

Captain  Gratiot  of  the  engineers,  who  voluntercd  his  services  as  Adju- 
tant on  the  occasion,  gave  me  valuable  assistance.  On  the  mornin'j:  of  the 
r)th,  I  sent  a  llag  to  the  enemy,  to  eiKjuire  into  the  state  of  the  wounded 
(two  in  number),  wiio  were  left  on  the  lield,  and  to  request  permission  to 
bring  away  the  body  of  .Major  IIi)lines,  which  was  also  left,  owing  to  the 
uupardonable  neglect  of  tln'  soldiers  in  whose  hands  he  was  placed.  I 
am  hajipy  in  as-urini:'  you,  that  the  l)o(ly  of  Major  Holmes  is  secured, 
and  will  be  l)uried  at  Detroit  with  becoming  honors.  I  shall  discharge 
the  militia  to-morrow,  and  will  send  them  down,  together  with  two  regu- 
lar companies  to  Detroit. 

With  the  remaining  three  companies  I  shall  attempt  to  destroy  the 
enemy's  estal)li><hment  in  the  head  of  y<t(r-i'ur-ira-t«(-f/<i.  River,  and  if  it 
be  ihouii'ht  proper,  erect  a  post  at  the  mouth  oi  Miat  rivi-r. 

\'ery  respectfully.  1  have  the  honor  to  remain,  sir,  your  obedient 
servant, 

C.  CHOGHAN, 

Lieut. -Col.  .'laf  liijieiiieit. 
7'"  Hon    .T.   AitMsi  lioMi, 


HIsToKICAI,    EVKNT>. 


55 


REPORT  OF  KILLED.  WOUNDED  AND  MISSING,  ON 

AUGUST  4tii,  1H14. 


On  iKiAuii  I'HK  U.  S.  Si.oor  ok  Wau  Nfacaka,  ) 


nth  AuLTu-t,  1S14. 


i 


ArHUcry — wounded,  three  pi'ivates. 

Infantry — ITlh  Rciriinent;  killed,  five  (privates;  wounded,  two  scviroants, 
two  corporals,  ti ft ei'u  privates.     Two  privates  since  ilead.     Two  privates 


missuiii'. 


HI 


I'.itii    Rciriineiit — woundeil.  one   captain,  nineteen   privates.      Cajita 
Isaac  Van  Ilorne,  Jr..  ^ince  tlead — one  private  since  dead. 

'.24th  Regiment — killed,  tive  privates;  wounded,  one  captain,  one  lieu- 
teiiatit,  three  sergeants,  one  musician,  tive  privates.  Capt.iin  Robert 
De-ha  severely;  Lieut.  He/.ekiah  Jackson  >inee  dead — one  .sergeant  •>ince 
dead. 

'.\'2imI  liegiment — killed,  one  major.     Major  Andrew  Hunter  Holmes. 

United  States  Marine^ — wounded,  one  >er;:'eant. 

<>hio  Militia— killed,  two  priv;ite-  ;  woumled,  -i\  ]irivate< — one  jjrivato 
since  dead. 

(irand  total — one  majoi' ami  twelve  private^  kille(l  ;  two  captains,  one 
lieutenant,  six  sergeants,  three  corporaN,  one  musician  and  tinrty-eiglit 
privates  wounded.     Two  privates  missimr. 

Tlie  aliove  relui'n  cxIiiMt'^  a  true  statement  of  the  killeil,  Woiuuled  and 
nus-im;- in  the  ;dTair  of  the  4ih  in-tant. 


N    11    MOORE 


i'ltlitiiin  :Stli  /nfiiiitri/. 
Acfiii'j  Afinixtaiit  Adjnliiuf  General, 


50 


AXNAL>    (»F    I-oKT    MA(  KIXA< 


REPORT  OF  CAPTAIN  SI>X'LAIR. 


L'mtko  Statks  ^^i,«»t)i'  OF  War  Xiagaka.       i 
Off  TriLNDEU  IJav.  August  Otli,  lsl4.  \ 

8ii{ — I  arrived  dll"  Michirnnackiimc  on  the  2Gtli  July:  but  owing  to  n 
tedious  .spell  of  Iiad  weather,  which  inx-vented  our  reeounoileriug.  oi' 
being  able  to  procure  u  pri.soner  who  could  give  us  iuforniatiou  ol  tiie 
oueniy's  Indiau  force,  wliich,  from  several  little  skirinishes  we  had  on  an 
adjacent  island,  ai)iieared  to  l)e  veiy  great,  we  did  not  attempt  a  landing 
until  the  4th  inst.,  and  it  was  then  made  more  with  a  view  to  ascertain 
positively  the  enemy's  strength,  than  with  any  possible  hope  of  >ucce^s; 
knowing,  at  the  san\e  time,  that  I  conld  efl'ectually  cover  their  landing 
and  retreat  to  the  ships,  from  the  position  I  had  taken  within  oOd  yards 
of  the  beach.  Col.  Croghan  would  never  have  lauded,  even  with  this 
IM'otection.  being  positive,  as  he  was.  that  the  Indian  force  alone  on  the 
island,  with  the  advantages-  they  had,  were  superior  to  him,  could  he 
have  justilied  himself  to  his  government,  without  having  stronger  proof 
than  appearances,  that  lie  could  not  cHect  the  object  in  view.  ^Mackinac 
is.  liy  nature,  a  i)erfect  Gibraltar,  beimi'  a  high  inaccessible  rock  on  ever} 
side,  except  the  west,  from  which  to  the  bights,  you  iiave  near  two  miles 
to  ])ass  through  a  wood,  so  thick  that  our  men  were  shot  in  every  direc- 
tion, and  within  a  few  yards  of  them,  without  being  able  to  see  the 
Imlians  who  did  it;  and  a  heiirht  was  scarcelv  gained  before  there  was 
another  within  50  or  lUU  yards  commanding  it,  wliere  breastworks  wer( 
erected  and  camion  opciunl  on  them.  Several  of  those  were  charged  and 
the  enemy  driven  from  them;  liut  it  was  soon  iountl  the  furtlier  our 
troops  advanced  the  stronger  the  enemy  became,  and  tlie  weaker  and 
more  bewildered  our  forces  were;  several  of  the  commanding  officers 
were  iiieked  out  and  killed  or  wounded  by  the  savages,  without  seeing 
any  of  them.  The  men  were  getting  lost  and  falling  into  confusion, 
natural  under  such  circumstances,  which  demanded  an  immediate  retreat, 
or  a  total  defeat  and  general  nntssacre  must  liave  ensued.  This  was  con- 
ducted in  a  misterly  manner  by  Col.  Croghan,  who  had  lost  the  aid  of 
that  valualtle  and  ever  to  be  lamented  officer.  Major  Holmes,  who.  with 
Captain  Vanllorn,  was  killed  liy  the  Indians. 

The  eiieniv  were  driven  from  maiiv  of  their  stroiiiiholds;  but  such  was 


iiis'i'diMcAi.   i;vi:xT« 


y « 


the  iinpcnctralilu  thicknc 


of  tiiL'  wooils,  that    IK)  a(lv;mt;iL;r  Liiuiicil  ci 


uld 


be  prc^titL'il 


hV, 


Our  tittack  Would  liavc  liueii   niadc  iuiinuiliatclv  under 


the  lower  fort,  that  the  eiu'iny  iniLrht  not  have  beeu  able  to  use  hi-  Indian 
lorec  to  >ueh  ailvantage  as  in  the  woods,  havini:'  di-covefed  l>y  drawinir  a 
lire  fi'oni   him   in  several  instances,  that  I  had  ureatly  the  superiority  of 


metal  of  him:  but  its  site  lieinu' about   I'^o  fet't  aliove  th 


e  wa 


t(M-,  I 


could 


not.  when  near  euoiiLrh  to  do  him  an  in.iury,  elevate  sutVieiently  to  li;itler 
it.  Abo\('  this,  nearly  as  hiuh  auain.  in,'  has  another  sH'oiil;'  fcjrt.  com- 
manding' every  point  on  the  island,  and  almost  j^erpendicular  on  all  sides. 
Col.  Croirhan  not  deemini:' it  prudent  to  make  a  second  attempt  upon  tins 
place,  and  having  ascertained  to  a  certainty  that  the  only  naval  force  liie 
enemy  have  ui)ou  the  lakes  consists  of  one  schooner  of  four  guns,  I  ha\  e 
determined  to  despatch  the  "  Lawrence"  and  •'  Caledonia"  to  Lake  Erie 
immediately,  believing  their  services  in  transporting  our  armies  there  will 
be  wanting;  and  it  being  imjiortant  that  the  sick  and  woun(h'd,  amount- 
ing to  about  10(1,  and  thai  part  (>f  the  detachment  not  necessary  t(^  fui'ther 
oiu'  future  operati(jns  here,  siiould  reach  Detroit  without  delay.  Hy  an 
intelligent  prisoner,  captured  in  the  "  Mink,"  I  ascertained  this,  and  that 
the  mechanics  and  others  sent  across  frf)m  York  during  the  winter  werit 
for  the  purpose  o{  l)uildiiig  !i  Hotilla  to  transport  reinforcements  and  sup- 
plies to  ]\Lickinac.  An  attempt  was  made  to  transport  them  by  the  way  of 
iNIatcluidash.  but  it  was  fouml  impracticalde,  from  all  the  portai:e<  lieinir 
a  morass;  that  they  then  resorted  to  a  small  river  called  Xautawa^ai:a, 
situated  to  the  south  of  Matchadash.  fiom  which  there  is  a  portaLic  of  three 
leagues  o'.'er  a  goo(l  road  to  Lake  Simcoe.  This  place 
until  pointed  out  to  them  la<t  summer  by  an  Indian.  This  river  i>  very 
narrow,  and  has  si\  or  eight  feet  water  in  it  aI)out  three  inile<  up,  and  i- 
then  a  mudily.  rapid  shallow  for  -I.")  miles  up  to  the  portable,  where  their 
armada  was  l)uilt.  and  their  storehouses  are  now  situated.  The  navin-a- 
tion  is  dangerous  and  dillicult,  and  so  obsciu'cd  by  rocks  and  bu-he-  that 
no  strau,irer  could  evi'r  lind  it.  1  have,  however,  availed  myself  of  the 
mi'aus  of  discovering  it;  I  shidl  also  blockade  tlie  mouth  of  Frcnich  Itiver 
until  the  fall;  and  those  being  the  (Jidy  two  channels  id'  communication 
by  which  Mackinac  can  po-sjlily  lie  ^upidied,  and  their  provisions  at  thi-- 
lime  being  extremely  short.  I  think  Ihey  will  be  starv(.'d  into  a  surrender. 
'I'his  will  also  cut  oil' all  supplies  to  the  Xortliwest  Company,  who  aiv  now 
nearly  starving,  and  their  furs  (ui  hand  can  only  tind  transportation  l)y 
the  wav  of   Hudson  Bay.     At  this  place  I   calculate   on    falliic^    in  with 


was  ne\cr  known 


:»s 


A.NNAL.-    OF    FORT    M.\('KL\A(. 


their -cliooncr.  whicli,  it  is  said,  bus  goiK.'  there  for  a  load  of  provisions, 

and  a  iiies«<agc'  sent  to  hw  not  fo  venture  up  while  \v(;  are  on  the  Lake. 

Very  respectfully.  I  have  the  hono''  'o  remain.  Sir, 

Vour  olicdient  sl     ant, 

A   -TIirK  SINCLAIR. 
7'/  Hon.  AV.M.  Jones. 

•'Secretary  iif  the  Xiiri/. 

XoTKs. — Col.  Ci'oo-haii  landed  with  lii.s  trooj)s  at  what  is 
iiow  called  '  Britii^h  Landing,'  so  named  from  the  fact  that 
the  British  landed  there  on  the  night  of  the  IGth  and  17th 
of  'rnly,  1>^1:^,  when  thoj  successfully  surprised  Fort  Mack- 
inac. 

On  entering  the  gate  on  the  road  leading  to  Ih-itish  Land- 
ing, after  jiassing  through  the  narrow  helt  of  timl)er,  you 
come  to  a  slight  ridg(^  which  crosses  the  road,  passing  diagon- 
ally through  an  orcharti,  on  the'  left. 

On  the  south  side  of  this  ridge  the  Ih'itish  troops  were 
concealed,  having  four  field  pieces;  the  line  was  protected  by 
a  hastily  constructed  <«/-»'//?' /.v,  and  the  left  bv  an  entrenchment, 
the  remains  of  which  can  l»e  seen  in  the  orchard  some  250 
yards  to  the  left  of,  and  nearly  parallel  to,  the  road. 

The  I)ritish  forces  were  under  the  command  of  Lieut.-Col. 
Robert  ]\IM)onal,  Gleno-arv  Lin'ht  Infantry,  then  in  com- 
mand  at  Fort  Mackinac. 

Major  irolmes'  ])ody  was  ])ut  on  board  a  schooner  and  sent 
to  JJetroit,  where  it  was  buried  in  the  old  cemetery  on  the 
corner  of  Larned  street  and  Woodward  ayenue,  on  land 
belonging  to  ''The  First  Protestatit  Society.''  In  1834  when 
excayating  for  the  building  of  ''  The  First  Protestant  Church  " 
the  remains  of  Major  Holmes  were  found  with  si.\  cannon 
balls  in  the  cotHn.  The  balls  were  ])laced  in  the  coffin  for 
the  ])urpose  of  siidving  the  body  if  in  d;.',nger  of  being  ca[)- 
tured  l)y  the  British  while  on  its  way  to  Detroit.  The 
remains  were  placed  in  a  bo.\  and  buried  in  the  l*rotestant 
cemetery  near  (iratiot,  Beaubien  and  Antoine  streets,  and 
liaye  not  been  disturbed  since  that  time. 


]IlSTnHI(\r.     I.VKNIS. 


)'.> 


lsi;».  By  the  treaty  of  praci-  ami  aiuity  lit'twt'fii  (irt,'at 
])i-itaiii  aiul  tlio  L'^nited  States.  cojidntltMl  at  (ilieiit,  I*eluiiiiii, 
L)ecember  24tli,  1S14,  and  .siiiiied  l»y  L(jrd  (laiiibier,  Henry 
(T')nll>(»urn  and  William  Adams,  on  the  ))art  of  (4reat  I'ritaiib 
aiul  hy  John  (^uincy  Adams,  James  A.  r>ayard.  Henry 
Clay,  Jonathan  liussell  and  Albert  (Gallatin,  <»n  the  i>art 
of  the  United  States  (ratifications  exchanued  February  17th. 
and   i)roclaimed   February   l>^th,  IS15),  the  i)Ost  of  Michili- 


1' 


})0St 


maekinac  was  ag'ain  restored  to  the  ("nited  States. 

The  Ijritisli  o('eui)ied  Fort  Mackinac  until  the  arrival  in 
September,  of  Majoi'  Talbot  Chambers,  with  the  Fnited 
States  troo]is,  consistiui;-  of  one  comj>any  of  Artillery,  and 
two  companies  of  Rilies.  The  liritish  troops  then  witlub'ew 
to  St.  Joseph's  Island,  in  St.  Mary's  Jiiver. 

isl*').  Two  com])anies  of  Uitlesleft  Fort  ^lackinac,  under 
the  command  of  Colonel  Jnhn  Miller,  and  established  Fort 
Howard,  at  Green  J]av.  Wis. 


ISli).      First  steambiiat  at   ^^a(•kina(•.  tlu 


AV 


aiK-in-tiK 


-th 


Wat 


er 


1>^2.">.  llev.  William  Montaiiiie  Ferry,  by  direction  <»f  the 
Fnited  Foreiirn  Missionary  Society,  established  a  mis>io!i 
for  the  Indians  of  the  Nor':iiwest  at  ]\[ackinac  Island,  this 
location  beini:;  chosen  because  it  was  the  center  of  the  fui" 
tracL  in  the  Northwest. 

Mr.  Ferry  arrived  at  Mackinac  October  10th.  and  opened 
school  November  3d,  with  twelve  Indian  children.  At  one 
time  there  were  twenty-four  assistants,  and  one  hundred  and 
eiiihty  scholars.  The  children  from  the  villan'e  attended  as 
day  scholars,  and  those  from  the  several  tril)es  as  boarders. 
They  were  trained  in  habits  of  industry,  an«l  tauuht  trades, 
and  how  to  cultivate  the  soil,  besides  receiviiiiii;  a  common 
scIkjoI  education.     The  school  was  first  held  in  the  ohl  C<»urt 


H 
II 


ouse. 
ouse. 


In  1825,  the  buildinir  now  known  as  the  '*  Mission 


was   erec 


ted  f 


or   missionary   and 


•liool 


puri)ose; 


Thomas  White  Ferry,  ex  F.  S.  Senator,  was  l»orn  in  the  Mis- 
sion House,  June  1,  IS'JT. 


€0 


A.\.\AL>J    OF    F(»in     .MA(  KL\A(  . 


The  biiildiiiir  known  as  the  '*  Mission  Church,''  wiis  erected 
in  IS-'Jn.     It  was  consecrated  ]\Iarch  4tli.  1>j31. 

Mr.  Ferry  was  relieved  Au<'-nst  0th,  183-i.  lie  then 
settled  at  Grand  Haven,  Mich.,  where  he  lived  for  thirty- 
three  years,  lii^hlv  esteemed  and  eniinentlv  useful.  He  died 
December  30th,  ISGT.     In  lS37the  Mission  was  discontinued. 

lSr.2.  May  1-ith,  the  steamer  '•Illinois,"  arrived  at 
Mackinac  from  Detroit,  havinic  on  Ixtard  Co.  A..  Stanton 
Guards,  Michigan  Volunteers,  Capt.  Grover  8.  AVormer,  of 
Detroit,  commanding  (afterwards,  Lieut. -Col.  and  Col.  8th 
Michigan  Cavahy,  and  Brevet  I>rigadier-(ieneral  United 
States  Volunteers),  with  First  Lieutenant  Elias  F.  Sutton. 
Second  Lieutenant  Louis  llartmeyer,  Chaplain  James  Knux, 
and  Dr.  John  Gregg,  having  in  charge  the  following  dis- 
tinguished gentlemen  from  Tennessee,  who  were  State 
prisoners  of  war  :  Gen.  William  G.  Harding.  Gen.  Washing- 
ton Barrows,  and  Judge  Joseph  C.  Guild. 

For  six  days  after  their  arrival,  the  i)risoners  were  allowed 
to  remain  at  the  Mission  Hotel,  under  a  guard,  while  (piar- 
ters  were  being  prepared  in  the  Fort.  The  three  sets  of 
officers'  (piarters  in  the  wooden  l)uilding  between  the  stone 
<juarters  and  the  guard  house,  were  assigned  to  them. 

(len.  Harding  occupied  the  set  in  the  west  end,  or  nearest 
the  stone  quarters.  Gen.  liarrows,  the  middle  set,  and  Judge 
Guild,  the  set  in  the  east  end.  The  rooms  were  comfortably 
furnished  by  the  prisoners,  who  remained  here  until  Septem- 
ber ISth,  1SG2,  when  the  Furt  was  again  abandoned,  the 
])risoners  taken  to  Detroit,  and  thence  to  Johnson's  Island, 
Lake  Erie. 

1S77.  Father  Marquette's  grave  discovered  at  St.  Ignace, 
by  liev.  Father  Edward  Jacker. 

lSs2.  The  Protestant  E}»iscopal  Church  on  Fort  street? 
built  through  the  efforts  and  un<ler  the  direction  of  Rev. 
Moses  C.  Stanley. 


'iirest 
•tal.ly 

-(tL'lU- 

d,  thu 

slaiul, 


I'RIKSTfJ. 


r.i 


JMUHSTS. 

The  followiiii;-  l?i'i(.'>rs  of  the  KoDiaii  ("athulie  Ciniivh  have 
served  at  Miehiliuiaekiiiae  : 

Tlie  dcites  opposite  their  names  indieate  the  tirst  and  hist 
WAV  (.)t"  their  stav;  or,  as  the  ease  nuiv  l)e.  "f  their  vi>its; 
tor  many  of  them  made  uidy  oeeasional  visits,  havinu'  utlicr 
parishes,  or  missions,  in  their  ehar^'e.  Tlitlr  nanic's  are 
marked  tlnis  '- . 

Tlie  lirst  ehureh  on  the  main  hind,  nortli  ot'  the  Strait, 
was  bnilt  in  1071;  the  second  alxnit  l*)"!;  hiiriit  in  17<'<;. 

The  present  clmreli  was  built  in  1S3S. 

The  tirst  chiireli  on  the  main  hind,s(»utli  of  tlie  Strait,  was 
built  about  1712,  when  the  po>t  wa^  re-establisheil  ;  the 
second,  about  1741. 

The  lirst  church  on  tlie  island  was  built  aixtut  17>>.'").  It 
occupied  a  ])art  of  the  old  oemetery  on  Astor  >treet.  The 
second  was  erected  in  1S27.  on  the  site  <d'  the  present  one, 
on  lan<l  donated  by  ]Mrs.  Magdalene  Laframboise. 

The  ju'esent  building  was  erected  in  1^73. 

lieneath  the  altar  are  the  graves  of  Mrs.  ^[agdah'iie 
Lafraniboise,  her  only  daughter,  and  grandson,  I.ang<l(>ii 
Pierce  (wife  and  son  of  Capt.  Uenjamin  K.  Pierce,  IT.  S.  A.). 
( )n  the  marble  slabs  over  their  graves  are  the  following 
inscri])tions  : 

"Mai;i)ali-:nf.  Lafkamboise,  dieil  April  14tli,  1S4(»,  aged  00  years." 
"Josephine  Pn:HCE,  ilicil  Xovembfr '24tli,  1S20." 


In  '•  An(  IK.NT    ^ri('IIir.IMA(  KLVAc''   (St.   LiNACi;). 

KiTO.  Kev.  Fiitlier  Dablon.  I  .1.  (or  possibly  Maniuelte.) 

10Tl-7o.  Rev.  Father  James  Maniuette,  S.  J. 

Hi?:]  (V)  liev.  Father  Philip  Piersun,  S.  J. 


r.2 


A.NXAI.>    <»F     I<'1M     .MA(   K[X.\( 


1074  (?)      Rev.  Fatlier  Ilciiry  Nniivcl.  S.  J 

KiTT  {?)      HfV.  FmIIici- .1.  Enj:ilr;iu.  S,  J. 

lOsO-yi.     K('V.  Father  Louis  Ilciuicpiii,  FraiiciM'.ni.* 

Id??  (?)      licv.  Fatlicr  Dc  C'arlicii.  S.  .1. 

1(;??-1TOO.     Rt'V.  FatliciJ.  Man-t,  S.  .1. 

I\   'M)!,!!    >[a<  KI.\A<    "    (Li'WlU    ^^I<   IIK.AN). 

i7(»S  (?)  Kcv.  Fathvr.l.  Man-l.  S.  J. 

nn-VJ.  Rev.  Father -1.  V,    Lainoiiiiie.  S.  .1.^ 

ITU-Cm.  Rev.  Father  Dii  .lauiiay.  S.  J. 

lM-2-41.  Rev.  Fath<'iC.  <;.  ('.H,uai/,  S.  J,* 

lTr);!-<;i.  Rev.   Father  M.  L.  Leiiaiie.  S.  .1. 

17<lS-7."i.  Re\-.  Failier  Ciliaiilt.  N'ii'.-fii  u.  of  Illinois.-^ 

(  >\   TIIK   I>I.A\I)   AM>   I.N    ^r('I)i:i;N   Si.    I«.N.\(   i: 


17s(;-s7.     Rev.  Father  I'avet.  ol    IlliiKii- 


!»1. 


Rev.  Fatlier  Ledru.  Ddiiiinicaii,  nt   Fiaiie 


II'.IH.  R(A-.   Fatiier    LexmloUX.  nf    Detlnit.    Vic.  (.nil.   (i|    the  l>l-hiij» 

of  Raltiinoi'e.* 
17!l!l-lS',':l.     Rev.  Father  (J.  Rielianl,  (urate  ..t   ; 


Ann.  I)etinit,  and 


\'iear(Jem'i'al.* 
Rev.  Father. I.  Dilhet.* 


ISOI. 

1S1(',-1M.  Rev.  Fatlier  .loxph  C'revier.  .,f  Ciiujida.* 

1S'.2.")~'J7.  Rev.  Father  FraiuMs  Vincent  Hadiii  of  St.  ,To-e|iir 

lS>.>7-:!0.  l{ev.  1».  ,1,  De.Icaii.  of   Little  Tiaver-e  Hay.* 

lH-,>!)-:il.  ]{\.  l{ev.  Kdward  Fcnwick.  Hi-hop  of  Cincinnati.' 


is:$(i. 


Re\'.  Father  Malloti.  of  Cinciniiaf i. 


1H;{()  ;;".     Rev.  Father  .Samuel  Ma/./uchelli.  I)onuiii<an, 

ls;{(l-;i8.     Rev.  Father  Frederic  Rce,  \ic.  (Jen.  (if  Cincinnati.  Hishop 

(.f  Detroit.  ls:{4.* 
ls:n-(M.     Rev.    Father    Fn.leric    Hara-a.    of    Little    Traver>e    Hay. 

Afterwards  (Is.'iiMi'^)    Hi-hop    of    Sault    Sie     Marie   and 


1h;i: 


Maniueite.* 
Rev.  Father  .1.  Lo*trie 


is:!:{-:tl,     Rev.  Father  Fran-i^  llat-clw  r.  Redeinporist. 
1n:{S-4:{.     Rev.  Father  Santi  Santelli. 


i'i:ii-.-i: 


♦Wi 


I5i-lii>l) 


il.  and 


li^hi'P 


184:',-4.->.      R.v.  Katln-r  ('.  SU 


Fiaiiciscan. 


184.- 


Kcv.  Fatlit  r  II.  \aii  H>iit('r<:lK'in. 


ls4.">-r)2.  Pa.  H.v.  !'.  L.tcvif.  Hi^lK.p  of  D.tr.ut." 

ls4r)-;4.  Hl'v.  FalhiT  a.  I).  I'int.  ntirtMl  ti.    '  Cliinaiix.'  l*<To. 

1S.V2.  Hc'.-.  Father  Francis  Piciz.  of  Mtllc  Tiav.i-.   l},i\  * 

lsr,l-.-)T.  Hc'v.  Fath.T  K.  L.  M.  .laliaii. 

isos-ni.  K(.'v.  Father  Patrick  IJ.  Murray. 

iy(tl-r.T.  Hev.  Father  Henry  L.  Tiiieii  (t\v..  terms). 

ISOS.  Hev.  Father  Charles  Ma-iie. 

1S(>S-T1.  Kev.  Father  Mattliia- Oiili. 

lS(;i«-T<>.  H.'V.  Fatlnr  Piiilip  S.  ZMrii.  d   (Jiaii.l  Trav.i-^c  Hay,* 

187(1-71.  Hev.  Faihtr  Nicolas  L.  SitVcialii,  nt   Ci-.p^-  Villa-e.* 


1871. 


1881. 


Kev.  Father  Ciiar'e-  Varv 


.1. 


.f   Saiill  Sl( 


.Mari. 


l!-t71-71l.  Ht.  l{ev.  I-iialiii-  Mrak.  iJi-le.p  ,,t    .Mai<iurll< 

1S71-7-J.  liev.  Fatiier  L.  i!.  I.(  h.,ii,- 

ls7-,'-7:i.  Rev.  Father  .Mu-c-  .Maiiivill.'. 

ls:;{-S(i.  Kcv.  Father  l-Mwanl  .Ia(  l<cr. 

lM7r)-7M.  Kev.  Father  William  Dwycr. 

187S-7J».  Kev.  Father  .lolin  P.raiin. 

1S7IJ-S1.  Rev.  Fath.r  .I..lm  (  .  Kenny 

IMSO-Sl,  Kev.  Fatlnr  (     A    Kidianl 

1SS()-S2.  Kt.  Kev.  .lolm  Veriin.  rH-Imp  uf  .Mari|Ueite.* 


Kev.  Fatlier  IJoiiav  eiiliiie  Fre\ ,  l'ii>\    ( 


(n.ler, 


18M1-M\>.  Kev.  Fatlier  Kiliaii  llaa-,  (  ►.   .M.  Cap 

l8Sl-8>i.  Kev.  Father  Niih.re  Man. limann,  (►    M    C.ip 

]SH',»-K!  Kev.  Father  .lolm  C'hehiil. 

lss:i.  Kev    Father  . I. "M'ph  Nid.liiiL'. 


I  Jay. 
and 


«u 


A.\.\AI.>    (iF    Vi>nV    :M.\(   KINAC 


FlJKXCli  AM)  lUJI'IlS'I  OFFICEKS. 

TIu-  tnllctwin^'  iiaiiK'd  (itiict'is  whtc;!?  Fort  Micliiliuiiickiiiac 
oil  rlir  (latL's  li'iveii  ;  tliuir  iiaiiR'>  aiv  the  only  ones  (of  Frciicli 
ami  15riti>h  olHeeis)  which  appear  in  tliu  old  and  oiHcial 
records  : 

i:4'2,  v:\u  August. 

MoNS.   DK  nr-AIXVII.LK, 

C'ominanilunt  of  M''-liiliinackiiiac. 
1  T-44.  (itli  .TanUiuy. 

MoNs.  nr-:  Vivkiievkv. 

Couuiiaudant  of  .MicluliniacUiiiac. 
1741.  mil  .luly. 

■  UE  HA\n;i.iA, 

Captiiiu  and  Kiiiir's  Conunaudiint  at  ,N(|iiu(Ui. 

1T4.">.  lltl)  July,  ami  1  747,  -i;!!!  AFay. 

DUI'LKSSIS    DK  MoKAMroNT. 

Kiiii:"<  Coininaiidant  at  ('anuiiaiirttigsja. 

1745.  Vtih  Au-ust.  and  17  Hi,  '^'IHli  .luni'. 
N(»yi:m.i;,  Ju., 

Second  in  Cnniniand  at  Micliiliinacklnac. 
1T45.  •.'"ith  AHi:-u-t. 

Lulls  DK  LA  CoIlNK. 

Captain  ami  KiiiL''.s  Coniniandant  at  ^licliiliinacUinac. 
1747.  7tli  Fcltruary.  vJntU  ,Iuuc  and  1-t  Scpirnilu'r, 

.Moss.   DK  NoYKI.LK,  .Tl{.. 

Coinniandanl  of  Micliiliniaci^inac. 
174S,  -.Nth  Fchinary,  171!).  lltli  .March  and 'JM  .lunc. 

MoNsJ.  .Jak^I  Ks  LkiiaUDKI  H  DK  St.   IMliUUK, 

Captain  and  King'.i  Coiuinaudiuit  lU  ^lichiliniacUiuao. 
174U,  27tli  .Tanuafy, 

I-ol  |>  I.Kt. AKDKl  U, 

Clicvalnr  ili'  Hcprniiiiny, 

Second  in  Couunand  tit  Michiliniackinac. 


17 


i:. 


I7:.ii, 


17:ni, 


KKNTII     AMI     i;i;ill-«ll     .11- l-l(  l,i;>. 


(..) 


aikiniu' 


i;i(kUi!UV 


U'. 


17-4!).  'J'.itli  Au-ii-t.      • 

M(>N>.   GoDKl  IMV, 

<  Mlii'il-  m|'    TrnnjK 

IT'd.  -JUli  Maich,  ;nhl  IT"-,'.  4tli  .Inn. 
MoNv     I)|  I'I.I>-IS    Faisku. 


(  aptaiii  Mini  I\iiii:*s  C'liiniiKiiiilant  at  Micliiliinackinac. 
Kni-ht  of  the  Hoval  a-i'l  .Mili'arv  (>nl.  r  nf  St.  ].<>\i\-'. 


i:"il.  •'(Ii  (»(t 


I  nil  I' 


.Mi»N>.  1)1  ri.i»is,  ,Ii! 


St;(.-(Hi(l  ill  l.'>iiiiiiiati'l  it  Micinliiuarkiuaf 


IT.'jJ,  4ili  .luiic 


Mo.Ns.  r.i;\i  .ii:r  ni;  \'ii.i,i;M().\i>i;, 

Captain  and  Kin:;'^  ('oniniaii'lan'    it  ( ■ainaniti::iiii-a. 
\"i.'>.  l^'tli  .luiy,  aiul  17">4.  I'lili  Aii.i:u.-t. 

MoNS.    .M.MM.N, 

Kiiin'-  ('iMuinamlani,  Pn-t  i>\'  La  Dair. 

i:*>:l,  l^iii  .Inly.  i:'i4,  ^tli  .May;  ll'i^,  •.':;.!  F«l.niaiy.  Jinli  .lunr.  Kill)  .Inly 
an. I    iTili   o.'tuliiT:    lT*)!t,   .Mth    January.    lT"li».  -J.*)!!)    May  ami  '•lli 
St'iitt-nil.t  1'. 
MoN^.  i)K  I)i;\iMi:r  in:  Vii  i.km.indi;. 

Captain  an. I  Kinn- ('"inniaii.latit  at  .\Iitliiliinafkiiia(' 


IT'il.  sth  July,  an.l  i:"i"»,  •2',[h  May 

M<iN«.    llKHf.lN. 


Captain  an. I  I\in^'-<  C.-nunaniJant  at  Micliiiiniaikinac 


17'i."»,  *«tli  .lanuai'v 


Lulls  Li:i.  AUDl.l  1{. 


Clifvalirr  (If  I{fprnti:;ny 


17."i.').  '24l\i  Aiii:n-I, 


Kiui;'«  C<iniHiau*lant  at  ilu-  Sault. 


L<»i  i^  Li;<.AMi>r;ii{. 


17.'»ti.  ','Mli  April. 


(  liivalitr  lit,'  Ui'pintii;ny, 

Licuttnant  ..f  Int'.intrv 


CllAULLS  Di;    LAN". I. AUK 


<  Mll.tr  ..t  Ti.iiips. 


nntJ.  llitli  .luMf 


.M»»N>.   llKHTKl.l.K   nilMISXKKIX. 

Kiiig'H  ('. 'luinatnlant  at 


(U\ 


A.WAI.-    i>V    l-OIM     MACKINAC 


IT.')*;,    I'Jtll  Julv 


MoNs.  ('ori'KHor, 


LiiMitciiant  (if   It!f;intr\- 


irr^H  ',>.!  .lulv 


M(tNS.    UK  L'AN»i|,Al»K, 


Second  in  C'nMiniiinil  at  .Michiliniackinac. 


IT.'.S,  i:itli  Ju'.v, 


Lnris   I.KOAKDKIU. 


Clirvalic-r  dc  l{('in-iitii:n\ 


1' 
OlIictT  at  Mirliiliinackinac 


i;;t  lo  \::\K 


A.  S.  Dk  Pkystkh 


Majiir  C'nniiiiantlinL!  Michiliniackinac  ami  Dcpcinlmcic 


KTil  t(.  ITS'i. 


I'ATFtU  K  SlN(  lAIl; 


ilajiir  and  Licutciiaiit-Gdvcrnor, 

( 'uinniandini:'  Midiiliinackiiiac  and  Dciicndcncir.' 


ITSO  to  its:.   Kllli  M;,y. 

Daniki,  Hoi'.KitrsdN. 


Captain  (  Kniniaiidiii::  Michiliniackinac  and  1  )c|i(iid(!icic.-«. 


ITsl,  :ilsi  Julv 


Pint..  15.  FiiY 


Kii^ii:ii  Nth,  or  Kinu  >  lirjiiinciit. 


ITsl.  :{l>t  .lulv 


CtKoKtu:  Ci.ow  i>. 


liicutciiaiit  Mil.  ni'  Kiim^  RrLziincni, 


i;iil,  l.'ith  NdVcnilMT. 


Edw.mid  Ciiaki.kton. 


Captain  .'dh  Ki'trimciit  Foot, 


Coinniandiim'  Mi(■hililllackinac 


l7',H.  I'tth  Novcnilitr. 

J.  yi.  Hamilton, 


Kiisiifn  oUi  Hcjiinuiit  Foot. 


nid,  l."»th  NovciuIkt. 

IlKN.I.VMIN    It'll  II  V. 


Licutt'iiiiiit  r»tli  FiM.t 


i;i»l,  l.'.th  Novcinlicr. 

11     IhvMxiW  K 


KiiHiii'ii  .'th   Foot 


LEGEND   OF   "ROBERTSON'S   FOLLY." 


Captain  lit >i;i;uT>n.\  was  a  i:ay  voiiiin'  Eiiu'li>li  ffticiT  and 
a  li'ivat  adiniivr  of  the  ladies,     (  )ir'   |)k'a>ant   suinniur  wvw- 


iiiu".  as  iiL'  was  >tn'llniir  in  thf  nv 


t  M  )( 


Is  at  the    hack  of   tlir  folT 


oiijuviiiu'   Ills   l>ipo.   lie   siKideiiiy    \n 


dd( 


lie 


Id. 


a    few   1 


<M 


111 


f-r 


him  and  just  crossiiiu'  liis  patli.  a  female  of  most  e.\<iiii>ire 
form,  featiii'e  and  complexion  :  she  seemeil  ahout  iilnctei'ii  : 
was  simply  dressed;  wor<-   lur  lonn-  hlack   liair  i'l    tiowiiii: 


t  re.^-ser 


and  as  for  a  moment  >lie  tr.r.ied  on  iiim  her  ln>ndu.- 


I)laek  eyes,  "her  whole  counteiiaiiee  linhtini:"  uji  with  anima- 
tion, the  ii'allant  captain  tli<»u::lit  he  had  never  hehtix-  >ecn 
.»o  heantiful  a  creatui'i'.  He  |>olitely  dolled  his  cap  and 
(juickeiied  hi>  stej).-.  iiopini:'  to  enii"aL''e  her  in  conver.-arion. 
She  likewi>e  iiastened,  evidemly  with  the  doii^n  of  ('>.ca|.inu' 
him.  Presently  slic  <lisappeare(l  around  a  curve  in  the  road, 
and  IJohertson  lo>t  >ii:lit  of  her. 

At  the  otHcer>'  »[Uarter>  that  niiiht  iiothiiii:'  wa>  talked  of 
i>ut  the  younu'  lady  an<l  her  jios.-ihle  idi'iitity.  She  was 
clearlv  not  a  native,  and  no  ve>sel  had  heen  known  to  touch 
at  the  island  for  many  a  week.  Who  could  she  he  '  (ap- 
tain    lloltertsoii    could    hardly    >leep    that    iiiuht.       A     riuid 


in<pury  was  instituted   in  the  \illai:e 


The  oiilv  ctlcct 


wa« 


In   enirender    a>    inten>e   cui'io>ity    in    the    town    a>   already 

e.\i.sted  amouii'  the  irarrisoii. 

As  the  shades  of  eveiiiiiu'  drew  near,  the  cajitain  wa>  anain 
alkiiiii'  in  the  pleasant   <:-ro\e.-  i-njoyiiii''  the  delightful    lake 


w 


hree/.es  and  tlu'  whitf  (d  lii>  favorite  pi|>e.  lie  wa>  think- 
ing; of  la>t  eveiiinii*."-  apparition,  and  Mamini:-  hi!ii«-elf  for 
not    pre,->inL:'  on    m(»i'e  \  ii:orou>ly.  or  at    lea-t    calliiiu   to  the 


Gb 


A>\\AI.>    <>F    ](iKT    MACKINAC. 


fair   sjic'cti'c.     At    tlnV    mumciit.    i'ai>iiii^'   liis   ejus   tVuiii    the 
utiiiiihI.  there  >he  was  aiiaiii.  >lu\vlv  preceding:'  him  at  a  <lis- 

lii.s 
Id 


taiice  <»t  >earcelv  iiiui'e   than    thirtv   var<l 


?ooii  a.s 


i>toiii.<liiiieiit   Wfiij 


hi 


!>cniiit.    aiK 


I 


SlteC'lllV     'At 


le   cull 


fiMiiie  an  excuse,  he  called  to  her:   '"  Madeuioi.-elle,  I — I  he, 


vour   iiardon. 


She  tnrne<l  (»n  liiin  one  :L:lance,  her  face  radiant  witli  smiles, 
tiien  i'e(louI»led  her  pace.  The  caj)tain  redoubled  his,  and 
soon  hroke  into  a  run.  Still  she  ke})t  the  interval  hetween 
them  undiminished.      A  heud  ot'  the  road,  and  a:i'ain  .-lie  was 


i:'one 


Ti 


le  captain  .-ouiz'ht  her  (piicklv.  hut  in  vain 


he  tl 


len 


ru>iied  hack  to  the  forr  and  called  out  a  ii:eneral  posse  of 
(ttlicers  ami  men  to  scour  the  i>laud,  and,  1»\'  capturiii;::'  the 
maiden  to  solve  the  mv>tery,  Thctuu'h  the  >ear(']i  was  kept 
up  till  a  late  Imur  in  the  ni;Liht.  not  a  trace  couM  he  found 
of  her.  The  caj)tain  ikav  hei^an  t<>  be  laughed  at,  and  jokes 
UH-re  I'reelv  bandieij  at  hi-  expense. 

T\V(»  da_v>  j>a.->ed  awav,  and  the  t'anta>\'  of  Caj>tain  lu»bert- 
.-oii  beuan  to  be  forifotteu  by  hi.-  bi'other  otHcers,  but  the 
captain  himself  maintained  a  i,doomy.  thouii'htful  moo(! — the 
truth  i.-  he  was  in  love  with  tlie  woman  he  had  onlv  twice 
.seen,  and  wh(»  he  telt  a»ured  was  somewhere  secreted  on 
the  i>laMd.  I'lans  for  her  di.-covei'v  i'evi>lved  in  his  brain 
day  and  niuht,  and  vi.-mn^  of  i-i.mance  and  hap])iiiess  were 
ever  tlittiuii'  before  his  eyes.  It  wa.- on  the  evening;' of  the 
second  day  that  he  was  ii're.-istibly  led  to  walk  aiiain  in  the 
shady  j>atli  in  which  the  ap|tarition  had  twice  appeared  to  jiim. 
It  led  to  the  bi-ow  of  the  precipice  at  the  soutlu-astern  corner 
of  thi'  i.-land.  lie  ha<l  neai'ly  I'eached  the  famous  p<»int 
from  which  we  now  look  down  pei'peiidicularly  l'^^  feet  into 
the  placifj  waters  of  Lake  liui'on.  when,  ^ittillu;  oil  a  larjLi'e 
.stiou',  a]tpai'ently  enj(.>yinii'  the  ma^iiiticent  scene  sjtread  out 
before  her,  he  di-cover«.'<l  the  object  of  his  .-ulicilude.  I'^M-ape 
fi'om  him  wa-   now   impo>.-ible,  silently  he  stole  up   lu  her. 


RoIJKKTSnN'  >    FoI.I.V. 


69 


A  (jnincliiiii:"  <'t  tlio  u'l'avt'l  uiiilcr  lii>  \vvr,  however,  •li-^rm'lx'il 
her.  aii<!  runiiii:;'.  lier  eye>  met  hi>. 

"Pretty  inai<leii.  why  thu-  atrempt  to  ehide  me  ^  Who 
are  y<*\\("  There  was  ii<>  aii>\ver,  hut  the  hidy  arose  from 
the  rock  and  retreated  nearer  the  hi-ink  (»t'  the  ]>recij)i<'e.  at 
the  s;ime  time  iilaneini;-  to  the  ri^^iit  and  left,  as  if  seekinu'  a 
loopdiole  of  escape. 

•*  Do  not  fear  nie."  >aid  the  captain.  '"  I  am  eommander  of 
tlie  i:'ari'i>on  at  the  foi't  hei'e.  No  harm  shall  couie  to  you. 
hut  do  pray  tell  me'  who  you  aiv.  and  how  you  came  on  thi.> 
island  I " 

The  lady  still  maintaiin'd  a  >tolid  silence,  hut  in  tlie  fadiiiii' 
liii'ht  loi>ked  more  heaiitifu!  than  ever.  She  was  now  sraml- 
iii;^'  within  three  t\'et  of  the  hriid<  with  her  hack  to  the 
terrihle  ahys>.  The  ea|)tain  .-huddei'ed  at  the  thoUi:-ht  of  hei' 
niakinu'  an   unii'uartleil   step  and    iieiiiu'  da-hed    to    piece-  on 


the   roc 


»elo\v 


^o  he  tru'd  to  (MJiu   her  lear.~   le>t.  in    liei' 


aii'itation,  Aiv  mi^'lit  precipitate  a  tei-rihle  eatastrophe. 

'■  My  dear  youniL'  lady."  he  heu'an.  **  I  see  you  feai'  me, 
and  I  will  leave  y(»u  :  hut  foi'  heaven's  sake  do  pray  tell  me 
voui"  naine  and  where  you  re>ide.  Xot  a  hail'  (d  your  IicikI 
shall  he  harmed,  hut  ( 'aptain  liohei-t.-on.  your  devoted  >er- 
vant,  will  uo  throUi:'h  fire  ami  water  to  do  your  commands. 
( )nce  more,  my  (h'ar  ;:'irl,  do  speak  to  nu-.  if  hut  a  wmd 
hefore  wi'  part." 

A>  the  captain  warmed  up  in  hi-  address,  he  incautiously 
advanced  a  >tep.  The  u'ii'l  reti'eateij  anotlier  >te|>.  and  now 
stood  wlii're  the  >iiu'lite.-t  lo--.  of  halaiici'  must  prove  her 
<leath. 

i^)iiiek  as  thouu'ht,  the  captain  >pran^'  forwar<l  to  sei/.e  her 
and  avei't  .-o  tei'rihle  a  tragedy,  hut  ju>t  as  he  elutched  her 
arm,  .-he  tluvw  heiv-elf  hackward  into  the  elia-m,  drawiiii; 
liei-  tormentor  an<l  wouhhhe  -ivioi'  with  her,  anil  Ixttli  were 
instatitlv  dashed  on  to  the  ro(d-;-  helow. 


p.- .  • 


n 


A.NNAI.S    I'K    FORT    MACKIXAC. 


His  iiKiJi^it'il  i'L'iiiaiii>  wei'c  found  at  the  tout  of  the  ])reri- 
piee.  hut.  >iiii:iihii'  as  it  iiiav  seem,  not  a  vestin'e  couhl  l)e 
found  of  the  Woman  for  whose  life  his  own  liad  l)een  saeri- 
ticed.  His  IxmIv  alone  couM  be  disc-overed  and  it  was  taken 
u|)  and  buried  in  a  >had_v  H«;»uk  near  the  middle  of  the  island. 
He  was  loiiii'  mourned  by  his  men  and  brother  officers,  fur 
hi-  was  mueh  beloNX'd  for  his  hiii'li  >(.eial  «]ualities  and  j^enial 
♦  leportment ;  but  by  and  by  it  beuan  to  be  whispered  that 
the  captain  had  indulged  too  freely  in  the  tine  oM  I-'rench 
brandy  that  the  fu'.  tra(iers  brought  up  from  Montreal,  an<l 
that  the  lady  .)"<>fessed  to  see  was  a  mere  hjnls  fatunH  of 
his  own  excite  im  ii 'nation.  Jhit  the  mantle  of  charity 
has  iK-en  thrown  ove;  lie  tragedy,  and  a  conunonplace 
e\j)lanation  given  for  the  name  the  rocky  point  has  ac(juired, 

of    ••  lioliKKTSoN^   FoM.V.'' 


AMEKICAN     III:    ii'MI'A.W. 


71 


THE  AMKiaCAX  FTR  roMPAXY. 

To  notice  .-li^'litlv  tlie  oriii'in  '»t"  tIr-  Aiiu'ricaii  I'"iir  Cmii- 
|);uiy,  wl'  will  .<;iy  th;it  .Irilm  JmchI)  A>r'>r,  a  (n-niiaii  hy  Mrrli. 
who  arrived  in  New  \  ork  in  the  year  \~^i.  eonmience"! 
woi'k  for  a  hakery  owned  hy  a  (Tci-nian  a('(|uaintanee.  He 
was  afterwards  assisted  to  open  ;i  toy  .-hoj),  and  tliis  was  fol- 
1ow(.m1  hy  tratH(d<inLi'  foi"  >niall  |tareel>  of  fnr>  in  the  eonntry 
towns,  and  which  led  to  his  futni'e  oj»ei"ation>  in  tliat  line. 

Ml'.  Astor's  li'reat  and  euntinned  >ncce-s  in  that  hraindi  of 
trade  induced  him.  in  1S'I1>.  to  ohtain  fr<  i  the  New  ^'ork 
lA'^'i^lature  :i  charter  incorjxjratiiiij;  "The  .nicrican  Fur 
( 'oniiiany."  with  a  cai)ital  of  a  million  di.dar>.  It  is  under- 
>to(Ml  that  Mr.  Astor  cojuprist'd  the  conijiany,  thouuii  other 
names  were  used  in  its  ori;'anizati(»n.  In  1*^11.  Mi'.  A>tor, 
in  conneeti«jn  with  certain  partners  >  the  old  Xorthwt'>t 
Fur  ("oinpany  (wlio>e  l>ei;innin^'  was  in  [~^'-\,  and  perma- 
nently orn'anizeil  in  17*^7),  hou^^-lit  out  the  a.-suciation  of 
Ih'itish  merchants  known  as  the  ^^aekinae  Coin)>any,  then  a 
-trolly-  competitor  in  the  fur  ti'ade.  This  Mackinac  ( 'om- 
pany,  with  tlie  American  Fur  Company,  wa>  nuM'ii'ed  into  a 
new  a>sociation  calle<l  the  Southwe.-t  I^'ur  (Jonipaiiy.  ihir  in 
ISl.'),  Mr.  .V>toi-  hou^-ht  out  the  Southwest  Company,  and  the 
American  Fur  (.'ompany  came  au'ain  to  the  front.  In  the 
winter  of  l>ir)- lii.  ( 'oii;L:ress,  throuu'h  tlie  intlueiice  of  Mr. 
Astor,  it  is  understood,  passed  an  act  excluilinii  foreigners 
from  participating'  in  the  In<lian  trade.  In  \^\~  1^.  the 
American  l''ur  Company  lirou;^ht  a  lai'ue  number  of  clci-ks 
fntm  Moiiti-cal  anil  the  I'liircil  States  to  Mackinac.  >ome  of 
whom  made  uond  Indian  tradei'>.  while  many  orhci-.-  faih'<l 
upon  ti'ial  and  wei'e  discharu'ed.  Ainoni:-  tho>e  who  pi-ovcd 
their  eapai)ility  wa>  (iurdou  S.  lluhhard,  Fmj..  then  a  youth 


M 


<L' 


AN.\.\I..«>    OF     I«"1M     .M.\(  KINAC 


0 


t'  fixtfi'ii.  tiic  i':ii']ic>c  iv>i'leiit  (if  Cliicau"  How  liviiii:'  rlici'i' 


II 


('  \va>  iHii'M  111 


\Viiuls'-i-,  \'r..  ill  I'^"'^.  and   lii>  paiviit>  were 


Kliziir  and  AI»ii:'ail  (Saizv)  IIiil>l»ai'il.      IIi>  jKiternal  ('luiunnir 
aiicotor  was  (Tcorii'c  IIul)l)ai'il.  wlm  was  at  WL'tliLTstickl.  ("t.. 


in    ir»,'5t;.      Mr.    IIiiMKinl   is  nh 


I ) 


lineal   'let^ceiulaiit  (_»t  the 


ck'i'irvnian-n'uvcrnnr  (innli.ni  Saltoiistall  (nanii'd  t(.ir  J»ranij)- 
t<»n  (innlnn.  the  |)atri(»t  ^[.  P.,  whose  dauuliter  wa>  the  u'raiid- 
niDther  of  the  ^dvenior).  who  wa.-  the  irreat-a"randH>n  of  Sii- 
Richard  S;ilt<in>tall,  the  tirui  and  etHcieut  friend  of  early 
New  Knu'hind. 

Wi'  need,  therefore,  merely  add  here  that  Mr.  ITuhhard 
left  ]\Iontreal,  wheie  his  jtarents  then  li\e<l,  Mny  13,  lsl<S, 
reachinii'  INIackinac  Jnlv  4th,  and  tir.-t  ari'ived  at  Chieau'O  <»n 


tl 


le    last   (lav   of   ()etol>ei'   vv   tir>t    dav  o 


f   N 


ovend>er  of  that 


year.      In    1*^1'^,   he    pnrchased   (d    the    Fur   Company    their 
entii'e  intei\'>t  in  the  trade  of   IlliiKiis. 


Ilaviim-  I'litiic  cliariic  nf  tlii'  iiuuiaLicmcnt  ot  the-  coiniv.iuy  in  the  WL>t. 
Wi'K  Kiiiii^i'y  Crooks  and  Hobi-rt  S"iail.  To  William  Maltlitw-  was 
intrusted  tli(.'  eiiizau'inir  of  voyauvurs  and  clerk-  in  C'antida.  with  hi-  liead- 
(luarters  in  Monti'cal.  The  voyaii'eur-  he  tooktrom  the /"'''/A//(^' (farnieis); 
yiMiuLi,  active,  athletic  men  were  soui^iit  tor,  indeed,  none  Imt  sueli  were 
('ngai:'ed.   and  tiiey  |ia-<ed  under  inspection  of  a  surucon.     Mr.  M.  also 


I'lurclia 


•I'd  at  Montreal  such  u'cxuls  as  were  suited  fnr  the  trade,  t 


o  loai 


1  id> 


boats.  These  ix'ats  were  the  Canadian  /xiffoii/.i .  [principally  used  in  tlio>e 
(hiys  in  transferring  trood.- to  upper  St.  Lawrence  lliver  and  lis  t:iiiutaries, 
maiuied  Ity  four  oarsmen  and  ti  steersman,  capacity  ahout  si.\  ton-,  'i'he 
voyaii'eurs  and  clei'ks  were  under  indentures  for  a  term  of  five  years 
Wages  of  voyaii'eurs,  .slOO,  clerks  from  i^Viii  to  s."500  i>er  annum.  These 
were  all  novices  in  the  business:  the  plan  of  the  company  was  to  arrange 


md 


secure  the  s^rviee 


)f  old  traders  and  their  V(i\ai:curs.  whu.  at  the 


(new)  oi'gani/.alion  of  the  com|)aiiy  were  in  the  Indian  comUry,  depending 
on  their  inlluence  and  kiiowleilLre  of  the  trade  with  the  Indian 


aiH 


as 


within 


fast  as  possible  .secure  the  vast  trade  in  the  West  and  Xi'ithwc-i 
the  district  of  the  I'nited  State-,  interspei'sim:  the  novice-  bi-ouu'ht  fruui 
Canada  so  as  to  consolidate,  extend  and  monopoii/e.  as  far  as  po-sildi', 
over  the  countrv,  the  Indian   trade.     TIm-  tirsi   two  vears  tliev  had  sue- 


AMF.IJKAN     mi;    ("MI'ANV 


(  •> 


<'cc{]c(l  ill  Ipi'iiiuiutr  into  tiirir  ciiiplDy  ^cvciiciuiiths  of  tlic  old  liKJiaii 
tradt'is  (111  the  I'pprr  Mi^si'^vippi,  Walm^h  ami  Illinois  !{iv<'r-.  Lakes 
^lichitraii  ami  Superior,  ami  iIhmt  Irioiitarii"-  a- t'ai' north  a<  the  Imiiml 
aries  of  the  I'nited  Slater  extemleil.  'I'lie  other  ciL^hth  thoui:ht  thai  their 
interest  was  to  remain  indepemleiit :  toward  >'Ueh.  tlie  eoinpan\  -eie.  ird 
their  lii-t  trader^,  and  locateij  them  in  opixxitioii.  witli  iiistruetioii^  so  in 
iiianaire  hv  iiiidei-eJlinL:'  to  hrim^-  tiicin  to  tiiin- 


8!oclv  House  Built  in  1780 

At  MaeUiiiae,  the  trader-  lu'inades  were  oriiani/fd,  the  enmpany  -^I'jfi  i 
iiiii' the  nio>t  rapahlo  ti'ader  to  he  the  iiiaiiaL:or  of  hi--  particular  lirinadr, 
whieh  eoii-isted  of  from  ti\'e  to  twenty  luttteii'ir.  ladrii  with  LiMnd-  'riii> 
chief  or  inanuirer.  wlieii  reachim:  the  ciMintry  allottcMl  to  him.  m  eh' 
(letaclnnents,  locatiiiii'  tr:idin;:-hou-e<.  with  district^  clearly  deiinicl.  tor 
the  oporalions  of  tlnit  particMilar  po-t.  and  >o  on,  until  hi-  iiround  wa-  tiilly 
occupied  hy  traders  under  him.  over  whom  he  had  ah>olute  aulhoiiiv. 


We  will  hc'iv  alhule  to  Mr.  A>rur'>  .irtrmpt  tn  c^ralili-li  an 
Aiiu'i'icaii  L'i!i[»ttriiiiii  t'lU-  rlic  t'lir  trailc  at  tlii'  iiiourli  nf  rln^ 


«-^  A.\.\A1.>    i)F    1(>KJ     .MA<  KINAC. 

CoIiiiiiKia  liivt'i'.  wliicli  enterprise  tailed,  tlir«>Uii-li  tlie  capture 
of  Astoria  l»y  the  Britisli  in  isl-l-,  and  tlie  ne,i::lect  of  our 
governineiit  to  g'ive  liini  i)rutcetiun.  The  with(h-awal  of  Mr. 
A>t<»r  from  tlie  Pacific  c(jast,  left  tlie  Xorthwest  Fur  Coiii- 
])aiiy  to  consider  themselves  the  lords  of  the  country.  They 
did  ni»t  loiiir  enjoy  the  field  unmolested,  however.  A  tierce 
c  •ni|>etiri(.ii  eiiMied  hetweeii  them  and  their  old  rivals,  the 
Hudson's  r>ay  Conii»any.  which  was  carried  on  at  great  co.st 
and  sacrifice,  and,  occasionally,  with  the  loss  of  life.  It 
ende<l  in  tin;  ruin  .»f  nio>t  of  the  partnei's  of  the  Northwest 
Company,  and  nieru-ini'-  of  the  relics  of  that  establishment, 
in  l>:il.  in  the  i-ival  association. 

Riunxcy  Crooks  was  a  for<'inost  man  in  the  employ  of  Mr.  Aster  in  the 
t'ur  traih',  not  only  in  the  east,  l)ut  upon  tlie  western  coast,  ami  has  beeu 
called  ■•  tiieailvenltirous  Hocky  Mountain  trader."'  Intimately  connected, 
as  Mr.  Crooks  was,  witii  the  American  Fur  Company,  a  sliu'lil  notice  (jf 
him  will  not  be  out  of  ])lace.  Mr.  Crooks  was  a  native  of  Greenock, 
Scotland.  ,ind  was  enii)|oyed  as  a  trader  in  \Viscousin,  as  early  as  18<)<). 
He  entered  the  serviee  of  Mr.  Astor  in  iSO'.i.  In  1813,  he  returned  from 
h\<-  thice  years'  journey  to  the  western  const,  and  in  1817  he  joined  Mr. 
A-tor  as  a  partner,  and  for  four  or  live  \'ears  eiisuim^  he  was  the  company's 
Mackinac  aiicnt,  though  residing  mostly  in  Xew  York.  Mr.  Crooks  c<jn- 
tinued  a  jtartner  until  is:50,  when  this  connection  was  dissolved  and  he 
resumed  his  place  with  Mr.  Astor  in  his  former  capacity.  In  18:)4,  Mr. 
A>ior  being  advanced  in  years,  sold  out  the  stock  of  the  company,  and 
tran>f'erre(l  the  charter  to  Hamsey  Crooks  and  his  associates,  whereupon 
.Ml-.  ('.  was  electt'd  presitlent  of  the  company,  lii.'verses,  however,  com- 
pcllfd  an  assignment  in  ls4"2,  and  with  it  tiie  death  of  the  American  Fur 
C'ompany.  In  lS4o,  Mr.  Crooks  <i])rncd  a  eommissiou  house  ftu'  the  sale 
of  furs  and  skins,  in  New  York  City.  This  business,  which  was  >iucci'ss- 
ful,  Mr.  C.  continurd  until  his  deatii.  Mi'.  Crooks  died  in  New  York, 
June  (5,  18r)U.  in  his  :;!d  vear.     Mr.  Astor  died  in  1848. 


0  oa 


Xrashino'tou  Ii-vino;  in  his  "Astoria,"  gives  a  graphic 
nccount  of  the  occa.-ional  meetings  of  the  partners,  agents 
and  employt's  of  the  old  Northwest  Fur  Ct)nipany.  at  ^font- 


AMKKK  AN     III;    (  (>M1'ANV 


75 


real  aiiii  F(»rr  William,  where  they  kept  lu'u'h  tla_v>  ami  niii'hts 
of  \va>sail  ami  fea.^tin^- ;  uf  >nn<jr  aixl  tales  of  atlveiiture  ami 
liair-hreadtli  e^-apes.  l!ut  of  thu>e  lavish  ami  iiierrv  halls 
of  the  old  "  N<irtlnve>t,"  we  need  suiiire^t  m>  compaiM.-nii 
with  the  ajj-encv  dwelling'  of  the  Aiiieriean  Fur  Coiiipaiiv  at 
^lackinae,  wliere  the  exi)en>es  eliar<;'ed  foi'  the  year  \^'2\ 
were  only  SOTS. 41).      In  that  account,  liowever,  we  notice  the 

■'>H  H'alion.s  Teiieritfe  AVine.  4.^   iiallons 


foil 


owiiiii'  entrie.> 


Port  Wine;   1<.)  ^i:;all(.)ns  Ijest  Madeira:  7<>V  <:allon>  la'd  Wine 
D  i;'all<»ns  Braixly ;  (f/te  hiwrtl  i^imr. 


/^'/K 


76 


AXXAI.-    <-l'     I  ••IM     M  A(   KINAt  . 


MACKINAC    iSi.ANI). 

\>  ,-irii;it('<l  ill  the  Straits  of  tin-  miiiic  iiaiuc.  ahiiiit  tMiir  miU's 
oast  (if  \\\v  iiai'i-owot  j»arr,  tiftceii  miles  fi-uin  i.akr  IIiir..ii, 
aii<l  thiiTv  fi'diii  Lake  Midiiiiaii  ;  contains  t\vf»  tlmu-aiiii  two 
linndrcil  and  t\vi'nty-(.ne  acn  >.  of  wliicli  tlie  National  Park 
contains  ciirlit  Inindreil  and  t\vcnty-(<n('  aci-cs.  and  the  Mili- 
tai-v  Ue>ervati(Hi  one  hnndred  aihl  three  acre.-. 


A  i:AMr.i.K  TiiKori.ii  roiiT  ma(K1na(  . 


Theiv  are  vai'ii»i!s  ways  <d  I'eai'hiiii:'  Hie  Foff  fi'oni  the 
village;  pfoitaMy  the  i-asjost  i>  np  '•  the  step-."*  the  \'ie\v  at 
ilie  tup  heini:-  NVell  Woi'tli  the  hreatli  it  e(»t>  to  Teach  it. 

iSnw  fidldW  ii>.  and  we  will  >how  yon  thron^'li  the  I'oit  : 

'^riii-  <»ld  iiliickdionse  on  om-  Idr  wa>  huilt  in  IT*^'*,  l>\'  the 
iJritisli  ti'o(.p>  under  M.iioi-  Patrick  Sinclaii' :  heyonil.  to  rhe 
left,  are  two  huihlinu's.  ort:>*t-!v'  ((Uartei>.  ituilr  in  \^~**  :  \k\*S' 
\]\iX  altiiii:  toward  the  tlai:"-.-t'iJf.  we  coiiie  to  aiiothei'  >et  of 
(»tHcer.-*  (jiiai'tei'.-,  huilt  in  \>-\'k  and  another  old  Iilo('kdioii>e, 
till'  nppei'  part  of  wlii(di  is  um-A  a>  a  ri'-ervoii\  int"  uiiicli 
water  is  punipLMl  from  a  spring'  at  the  font  (d'  the  lilull,  and 
distributed  tlirou;:'h  pipes  intft  variou-  huildinus.  Thi.-  inno- 
vation on  the  old-time  water-wauon  wa  ■  made  in  l^^l.  in 
accordance  with  a  plan  tle\  i>ed  hy.  and  e.\eeilted  un<lel'  the 
direction  (>(.  Lieut.  Dwi^ht  11.  K«'lton.  loth  P.  S.  Infaiitrv, 
Pt)!*t-(^>uartei'master.      Water  first    pumped   (Jet.    11.  1^**1. 

While  I'einforciui:  the  tlaLr-statV  in  l^«»l».  a  In.tth-  was 
t.uken  out  «d'  the  lta>e,  containing;  a  parchment  upon  which 
wa,<  written  : 


m 


\:  Willi   i.     !  Ili:"l   I.  II     i  "IM      V  M   KIN  A" 


I  t 


.-I 


I  i  : 

V  tlu' 
<•  tlu' 

t    of 

u  liicli 
.   ami 

iuii">- 

1.   Ill 

tlir 

iiitrv, 
-1. 

•    was 
wliirli 


III  Mi'ii  \i;  1  Ki!s    F'»i:  r   Mai  kin 
M'O/   :')th.   is.i.'i. 


\< 


T!ii-  llai:  -latl'  .!.•.!(  .|   mi   the  'I'^'Ax  >V\\   mI    M;iy,   IS:!,"),  !,y      \     .ukI  -I. 
('uiii|>iiin«'».  Mf  tip-  "Jil  l{t*:;,iiiii  lit  lit  Iiit;iiiliy.  ^talioiicii  at  tlii-  j"p«t. 
Tlif  ti-ll'TAiii:;;  (  »tti»ii- of  tl.i' Jil  Intaiiliy  wcir  pic-ciit: 


Caiitaiii  .lolm  Clii/, 


A     ( '"iiipaiiy,  CmIm''!  .:  l*"-t. 


(  aptaiii  E.  K''i!iy  !5aniuiii.  a;"  ('.pinpaiiy 

l«t  IJ.   iv  .1    .1    IJ.  Kiii-^!iiiry  ■         " a  J"  Cniuiiaiiy 


•.M    I.i.llt     J.    \V      I'.IlP-r, 

,'■1  iji  lit.  .1.  V.  IJointcinl. 


a  ;■'  ( '.piii|iany,  A  <  .S. 
11  '  (  'iiiipaiiy. 


A--I    Siir^foiMn-'i.  V.  TuiiUT,  ISA 

Daviil  .lours,      ....         Sutl<  r. 
Al  -.  lit  Otlicri^: 
1st  I.ifMt.  .1    S    <;ailui:li<  1',  "A     C-'inpaiiy.  A'ljutaiit. 
•M  1-ii'Ut.  .1    11    L-  i\fii\VMit|i.  •■.\'   (uiiipatiy,  >n\  Special  Duty. 
Cnloml  HulMj  IJra<ly,  livi.  Mriii'.  (Jriural.   ( ''aiiinan'liiii:   L<  It  Wiu^'. 

Ka*t<  111  IX'partnu  lit,  lIcadiinartiiN  at  Dttrnif. 
Liriit.  C'ojrtiK'l    Al<'\aii'i<  1-    ( 'uiiiiiiiiiii<,    ('iiuiiiaiitliiu    '.*'!    l{f:.'iini  lit. 

nfM<ii|Uart«a-  Ma<li-"!i  Uaiiiak*.  SacUftN  Ilailmi-.  Nrw  Vak 
I'lrNJiliait  ol"  tiu'  I'liittd  Stairs,  Aiiili'W  .la<U»iai 
Uuil'ka-    lof    ll:i;^«.talV).    .I'»l»ii     M>Arailli.    I'livatf.       \      ('•.•apany 

•.M  iutauirv. 


Aii«»tIk'I'    •I'lciiMu-tir    was    aililnl    aii'l    tin-    l»'>rtlf    \va.-    it- 

t'Ilt<»||llM-tl. 

(tiiiiiM  il.iwii  till'  -f<'j»-  tt>  the  li^lit.  wf  arc  l»r<tu::!it  lac-  t<» 
tare  uifli  Ml!*'  oj'  tlir  .i|i|  laii<lliiaj'!<s  nf'  this  cnuiifi'V,  flu-  mM 
-tMiic  ..tHci'is'  .jiiaiTt'is.  Imilr  in  IT""",  uitli  walls  t'r<»tii  rw.. 
all"!  a  halt  t<>  t-i^lit  t\a't  th!cl<  ;  Ioi'iimtIs'  \\\v  wiii<l.»w-  ha<l 
ii'oii  hais  across  ihciii.  In  \^\'l  the  lia-ciiiciit  n*' fhi>  lniiM- 
iiiu  aii<l  the  oM  hl<n'k-li'Misr>  were  ii-c<l  a>  i>i'i>oii>,  in  wliich 
('a|»taiii  liolti'Pts  dctaiiic"!  the  iinn  aii<l  lari:cr  Im._\>  ..i'  the 
s  illaiic.  after  the  eapttire  of  the  l''ort,  until  he  <lufi<lL'i]  wiiat 
to  lilt  with  theiM.  Tho>e  who  took  the  uatli  of  allciriaiice 
to  (ii'eat  Uritaiii  wvre  relcascij  aihl  a!lowii|  to  rffurii  to 
their  hoim.--:   the  othcl's  were   >eiit  lu  lietroit.      Mr.  .Nlie.hael 


ANNAI-    ..|-     |M|M     M.\(   KI.\,\( 


stone  Officers  Quarters.  Biijit  1780 


tl 
\ 

Ml. 

li:: 

in 

l! 

Is  ;i 

isl. 


KAMi'.i.K    mi:i>r<.ii    miM    m.\(  kin.m 


DuUsiiiiUi  \v;i-   ]ti'i'initte<l  t<>  rctnaiii   iiiMitiMl  niiil    \v:i-  ii(»r  «li 
tiirl»LMl. 

Ill    1^14.   the   lia>(.Miiciir   <»f   tlii-    Itiiildiiiif  and    r!ic    1 


1      1 

1'  >CI\- 


li< HILL'S  wore  ii.-e<l  a>  a  place  <•!'  it-tiii:''  \''>v  rlic  \v.»iiieii  and 
ehildriMi  <>f  the  viUau'e.  wliih-  the  ve»el>  ei.nrainiiii:-  thr 
Anierieaii  tr(»uj»s  were  anehoi'cd  nlV  tlu-  i-lami. 

The  nh!  \vu(»(K'ii  ImiUiiiiu'  <>ii  <'ur  ri^'ht.  ii.»\v  u-rd  as  a 
sturehoii-e.  was  hiiilt  l"<>r  a  liu.-pital  in  T^'J'^  on  the  >iti'  nt 
t\\('  (»riu-iiial  liospitah  hiiilt  Ky  the  I'.riti-h. 

The  h>iii:'.  h»\v  Witodi-n  hiiildiiii;'  at  the  other  end  of  the 
stoiie-qiiarters.  formerly  olneer>'  (piarteiv-.  i-  now  n-ed  a>  a 
ftorelionse ;  faeini:'  it  are  the  hari'acdv^.  ;i  t\vo->toi-y  fi-ann'- 
hiiildini:-.    huih     in     l^.'il*.    <.c(Mi|»ied     liy    two    coinitaiue-    of 


.-oluier.-,  one  on   racli    tloor.  wirh    nie->-ro<>ni-.   etr..  eoniplctt! 
for  each. 

Wec-»nic  next  to  the  ^aiard  hon>c.  l>iiilr  in  1>l'^.     'I'undni:- 
toward    tlie  harraek>.  we   have  on  oui-  i'ii.iit.  tir>t.  tlie  ("oni 
tni>sar\,  hiiilt  in  1^77.  on  the  .-.ite  of  the  old  stoiK-majiaziiie. 

In  the  siiiall  liuihIiiiL:"  adjacent  to   tin     (  oniinirsary  are  the 
ollicc- of  the  ('oniiiiaiidinu'  ( )ttici'r  and    Ad jiitant,  and  next 
door,   the   otHce    of  till'    l'o.-t-( Jiiarteriiiafster,    which    !«•   con 
lU'Cti'd  li\- a   passai^eway  with    the   storehou-c    hi-yond:   hnil^ 
nil  the  .-ite  (d    the  ]>nstd»akery  of  early  (hiys. 

(loinu:  up  the  l»:''h  Iroui  the  ,L'uanldiuii>c  we  will  cxatniiie 
file  ••  rc\eille  nun."  and  fake  a  glimpse  a!  the  niauiiitieent 
\  iew  from  the  u:iin-jdatf<>rm.  iJclow.  at  tin  foot  ..f  tin' 
Mull",  arc  the  (to\ermiient  .-tahle>.  hhicksmith  ^hoj>,  ami  gra- 
nary; hi-yond  them,  the  company  j;ardcii-,  wiiert'  tlie  huihl 
iiiijs  of  th<'    Inited   Slates    Indian    AifeiH'v  sfotid    in  earlier 

days. 

In  front  o|  us  is  K'-mid  I.-hind,  where,  for  a  loiiii'  time, 
there  wa.-  a  larjLTi'  Indian  villaire,  the  only  r»-mnaiit  of  whi<*li 
is  all  Indian  liui'yi»i|j:  L^round.  on  tiie  southeastern  part  ot  the 
islaini.     There  i^  also  an  old   hiirviiiir  jiff'iind  on  jJoi.v  Illane 


Ml 


\.\XAI.>    OF     |(>IM     M.\<   KI.VAC 


V  V  re 


N1;iimI.      It  i>  ;i  >iii::iil;ir  I'.n-r  rliar  all  rlic.-c  Indiati  ;^r:>\ 
<liiL'  '111*'  (•a>'  .iinj  \V(-r. 

\V'aiicii'i>c(i.  a  (•(.'It.'IdMrtMl  >|tiriniali>r  of  the  <  )tt,i\v;i  ti'' lie. 
livi(i  oil  UouihI  l.-laii<l  for  >(.'\  t'l'al  ycais  |in'\ioiis  to  lii>  (l',';'.tji. 
whicJ!  occuiTcil  Scptciiilicr  . ■'.'•,   1^;!~. 

To  till'  left  of    KoiiikI  I>laii<l  is  Ilois  iJl.iiic  I.-laiid. 

The  l)iiil<liiiii'  in  itui'  rvnv  is  the  hu>j»ital.  hiiilt  in  IS."*'*"  ; 
lfa\iii^-  it  to  oui'  i'i:L:ht,  we  |»a>s  anothei'  old  Mock-lKnise.  ai'l 
o\ci-  the  old  iioi'th  >ally-|>oi't.  ju>t  ont>i<lc  of  which.  (»ii  ,InI,' 
17th,  1^1'i.  the  r.riti>h  trooj)s  >too(l  in  line  and  j>iT.-(Mit('<l 
aiMn>  whilo  Licuts,  I'orter  Hanks  and  Ai'chihaM  harraiili 
inai'clu'd  the  Anit'i'icaii  ti'o'ij)>  out.  with  ai'in>  reveised.  to 
i'('cci\"('  their  jtarolc  a>  jiri>oin'i-.s  of  wai'. 

J'asisi!"^  on  Wf  come  to   the  lihi-ary  and  I'cadin^'  I'ooin. 

Wiieii  hiiih  the  f'trt  wa>  cnclo>i-d  l»y  a  .««r(»ekad('  ten  feet 
hi^ii.  made  of  (-(.'(lar  pickets,  into  tin-  t(»{)s  (»f  which  ^\■el•o 
di'ivcn  ii'oiis  with  three  >hai']>  iu'oiii:'s  pi'ojectini:-.  Foi'uierlv 
all  the  huildiiiiis  heloni^ajiii'  to  the  fort  wtTe  within  this 
.-tiMd\ad<\ 

A  ln'tter  idi'a  of  the  hlock  liou>es  a>  tliey  aj))>iai'ed  then, 
and  of  tin- .»toekade,  may  he  ohtaiiied  from  the  ilhi.-i  cations, 
which  are  rediiceil  from  oM   drawiniis. 

The  old  uate>  .-till  remain  in  place  at  tlu'  >onth  sailv-port. 
!iear  the  :L:narddi(»use. 

'I'he  tla::s  ••f  three  ;;!•<  at  nati.  •  have  sncce>sivi'lv  floated 
over  the  post  of  Michilimaekmac,  which  lia>  heen  t  In,' theatre 
ot  m.my  a  l>lo. .dy  trauedy.  It>  po>&essi(.»n  lia>  heiMi  di>pnted 
hy  powerful  iiafi««ns,  and  its  intei'iial  peace  lia.>  contiiuiailv 
het'ii  made  the  .-port  of  Indian  friachery  and  winte  man's 
duplicity.  To-day,  ehantiiiu'  /'  (/>  "i/i.s  heneath  the  ajiipie 
folds  of  the//' "/'-<A.-//.v.  to-moi-row  yielding'  to  the  power  of 
the  I'»riti>h  lion.  an<l.  a  few  year>  later,  lis.ejiinii-  to  the  ex- 
ultant   fcream^   of     the    American    ea^le.    as  tlie   stars    and 


-  ■'■■    "..  ■ 


lv.\Mi.i.l-:     1  in:'  4"i.  il     i  ■  MM     M  \i   KiN  \i  . 


SI 


stripe-  ll.iat  i>\vv  t'lc  !i,utlriiK"ii.->  <'M  t'li     '  {.«!.    >\  tic  -'.niK'in;' 
spirits." 

'1^  11**1  *'  1*  •)• 


loHS, 

-port. 

iiatrtl 
iratre 

tiiti'd 
lually 
man's 
1111  i)le 

•r  ..I" 

L'X- 

aiul 


ati'l  till'  !iia:i_v  uiM  tiM<liriMii<,  p('.»p!:!ij:'  cacli  r<ick  atiil  -irii 
with  >pi'ftral  liaNiraiir-.  '•"iiil.itic  t-i  t iir-'W  iirMini'l  Mackinav' 
an  iiit('r»>r  aii<I  atnMfri\cii(>>  uiU'(]Ual!»'«l  !'\  anv  n\][v\'  \>\,\vv 
mi  t  iu'  Wi'-tcrii  ( '"lilt  iiiriit. 


S-' 


.\NN.\r.-    !   I-     l'>IM     :\rA(   KIN  AC 


AM  KKICAN   ()FFl(i:U>. 

The  lolldwiiii:    Hiiincd   (ptli('cr>  <>{'   \\iv  [  iiirc<l    Snitc-   ;iriii\' 
li;iM'   s('r\C(l    at    l'\iiT    Mackinac      'J'lu'    xcai' d    their   ai'i'i\al 
\\\('\v  'ir/>/,i/  I'aiik  at  tliat  tiiiif,  and  the  <ii'<iani/at ion  towhjcli 
tlu'N'  l)(.'l<iiiu»'<i  ai"c  ::i\"('ii  : 


1 :!)(;.  Il.iiry  IJiiiiMck, 

"  Aimer  I'ii..r, 

"  Kli('Il('/.(|-  .M:i^-:iV. 

"  .loiiii  .Michael, 

Isol.  Thoinii-  lluiil, 

"  .l(i~-i;ih  i  )uiili:tll'.. 

•'  |{i<l.anl  Wliilr;.. 

ls(f,'  Fialici^  Li    liaiK.n.  Sllliaiiir>  Male 


\yih.   .iMiialliaii  l".;t.-<tiaaii 
lb<t>..    L(\vi>  llowaril,'- 
"      Porlri-  ll.ink<. 


IM.').   Tall'i.t  {'liainlicr; 
.Idsepli  Kiaii, 
Jdlin  (>'l-';illiill. 

"        .idllll    lIciiilrNnli. 

.lainc^  h.  (Jia\ , 


Miij'T.  Artillcri-I«  ami  Kii!^  r>. 

('apliiiii.  l-l  Iiifaiitry. 

laiiiltiiaiii.  Ailil!<  ri^t-  ;iii(l  Kiil:'i'^. 


.Majiii'. 

Cal'taiii. 

1-t  raciilciuuit. 


1-1  Iii!;iiitn. 

l>t 

Arlill 'ii-t-;  and   EiiL:"ri 


]>\  laciitciiaiil,      Alt 
(  ';i|it:iili. 
1-t  laculnuml, 


ilicii-t>. 


Airlii'  :iM   I  )ai  lauli,  "Jil 


(iaii'i-'iii  Sui::<(iii'-  Mall 


M 


M'.r. 


Kit 


(  a|itaiii. 


l-t  I/iciitcnant, 


Artilltiv 


I'n'lijaliiili   L.   I*ir!fi'.  Capliili. 

Itolii'!'!  McClallaii.  Jr.,  Ni  Lii'Uh-iiaui, 

lifWi'.  .M"ii;aii, 

Gcoruc  WilUiii^. 

.ImIu!  S.  I'icKc.  -M 

'\'u  'iiii>  .1.  ;;:Mril.  :M 

K<hva!'i  i*:i'/.'M.  Huspital  Sumi(>n">  Malt 


1 


;:ii 


IsUl.  .I(.hii  Milk" 
'•      .Icliii  M(N<-i: 

Cliark'^   I.ailaltia' 


(  oli'licl. 

Major. 

t'ai'taiii, 


M  liitaiitry 


^  I»i«"l  ut  Von  Mai'tiliiui'  .I'umftry  I'l,  \*\\ 


'^^ii: 


^•'^*::  <^:^^'^i*- 


\Mi:i.'l(  AN     <•].[.  ii   ].;|.. 


S3 


r^l'J.    U'illi;,!,:  Wliivil,.,.. 
•I'lllll    <»l'rc:ir. 

"       Cliai!.-  I.  {•;,><. 
'•      I)  • -'  e*urti<, 
•f"liii  (J.irhiiid, 
".    'I'mLv   T.  Tli..:„:,s, 
l>riliMii  Kvaii-. 
J.llilr-  Dean, 
All  Iff  u    LcwiN. 
1^1  r.    All.iuii  T.  Crow, 

L;i'Aiv!ic,.  'raliafciTo, 
1^1^.    H.hvar.l  BrMMk>, 
1^1'.'.   .f. •>,.,, I,  |>.  i;,,,,,.]] 
.Iii.>(|ili  ( ilca-ipii.f 
NVilliaiii  Law  rciicL', 
William  S.  ('..in-tock, 
I''ti'l'  'I",  .laii'iaiy. 

1>^J1.    William   ncaiiiiiMtit. 

'rilnm;,,   (  '      I,c:^atl-. 

Klijali  L\i>ii. 
.lame-  A.  ('liamlicr>  'il 

.Iii>liua  liai'iicy,  -.'il 

l^^.'J    Jam -v  M    S|iriici.r.  i^t 

I^J:!.    Al.'xaii  icrC  W.  Famiiii-.  Capiaiu. 
"       William  Whisil.T. 
Samuel  W    Iliuit. 
"      Aaniii  II    Wii-jil. 
(i('ui;:r  II.  ( 'rM-niaii, 
S!c\V!irl  Cowan, 
tsr,,    William  H..irmaii. 
Ulrlianl  S   Satiiiicf, 
(."iirlfw  A.  Wait, 
"      Scth  .Ii>lin«ii>ii, 
l^.T,.    Davil  I5r....ks, 


liitaiiti-\- 


U\  I.iiMiicn.aut,     :M 

M  a.i 

Isl  ••  y,i 

i^\  "  :{.] 

2.1  ••  ;m 

^^1  •'  ;!.] 

2.1  ••  :m 

irrl<|)ital   Sllf-CMH'-   Mile. 

I-'    Liriilriiaill.       :M    IiifaMtrv. 

I', i-t  Suf::-.'. ,11. 

1^1   M.-uli'iiaiil,      .-,t|,   Iiitaiitiv 

Lii'ilt.-ColoiU'l,  '2<\ 

S;ii--CMii\  .Mate,  ;M 

*,''!  FiiiMitciiant,  ;M 

2.1  "  :;,i 

P.ivt  Siifui'iPii. 

("aptaiii.  •,>,!  Ai'i  ill-av. 

1-1  Liiiitciiiint.  :!.! 


:!'!  IlllalUiy 
N!  Linitc's.iiil,     :!■] 
2.1  '•  ;t.l 

2.1         "  (Hi, 

21  ••  ::,! 

('!i|.tir!n,  -M 

A»-i»t.  ."^iiri^cnii. 

'J.l  LiiMitiii.aiii.  ill  1   Viairv. 

8»t  "  :>.! 


\lr\aiiili  r  IJ.  Tli  >m[>s..n,   Caplai 


ti. 


ari 


I^K,   .TrtWi.'S  <i.  All 


I'll. 


li  Lii'iii.'ii.aiit,      ."ith 


t  l>ii'.i  i\\  Full  Mi»«'ktii(ii',  M»rt'ti  •,»;.  l-ji 


84 


A.\\AI.>    <il-     F'llM     .M.\(   KINAl 


IS'iT.    Kdwiu  .T.illic 


Kpl 


pliraiiii 


1«S. 


A--i^1.  SiirLicm. 

K.   IJaniiilil,  1-t  Li(Mitriia!it.  •,'<!  IiifaiHiy, 

Edwin  \'.  Siiiu'icr,  ■-.M  "  '-Id 

Samuel  T.  Hciiit/.clinaii.      -'1  "  '-^'l 

Cliailc-  F.  .Mdrton,  1-t  LifUtciiaiil,  '.M  Iiitaiitiy 

Cajitain,  "mIi 

'.Ml 

1-t  Lictitciiaiit.  .")tli 


1  ^-.'it. 


Sullivan  Uurhank, 
kuli.ii  A.  McCalx', 
AVilliani  Alrxamlcr, 
Ai.n.i-  I{.  Ilct/cl, 
■Ii'-iaii  II.  V I >>.(', 
.lanu's   Knulc. 

Ani'is   Fn-tf'l-, 
Kll'i>-   ( 'Utli  T, 

.Mo-(-  i;.  M.  rrilL 


Major.  ."iih 

'^il  l/nutrnant.  -"iili 

■J.l  ••  '(111 

Lieut. -Cc'lonLl.  :l(i 

■Jil  Lieutenant,  ■"itli 


ls:!0. 


Kiihraiin  Kirliy  Smith,  Jd 

haae  Lyndc.  2(1 

Cale!,  C.  Sil.ley.  2(1 

William  L.  Cruder.  l^t 

Luui^  'I\  .lami^on,  2(1 

lleiiiy  (lark.  I<t 

.loliii  'I'.  ('(illiiiLi-woitli,  'Jil  Lieiiii'iiant,      "iili 


..til 
-.111 


>!n 


otii 

.-.111 


..III 


•■       Koiieit   McMillan, 
••      WaddvV.  ('(.I.I.s, 


A-*i>l.   Suri:t<in.  Medical  Deiiailmeiit. 


iijnne 


Caiitain. 


.Ill  Inlantrv, 


.I«i^il>li  S.  Galla.ulicr,  1>1  Lieutenant,     "Jil 


'oiL-'c  \V.  I'atten. 


.1 


(1 


TiK.I 


iia->  Stccktiin, 


Ilvt.  -hi  Lieut..     .-.Ill 


Ale.\ai)der  IJ.  Tlidinpsnu.    ^Iaj'•^, 
.Inlm  15.  F.  Husstfll,  ('.(ptain, 


is:'-:?.  William  Whistler, 


M 


U'lr. 


Kpliraim  K.  IJaruuiii,  Captain, 


•  itli 

r.tii 
2d 


Vd 


Jiivepli  |{.  Smi'h, 
.lanie^  W.  I 'enrobe, 


Kt  Lieutenant,     'M 


2(1 


d 


Charles  S.  Fraik-y,  A^s-i-t.  Surgtnjii,  Medical  Department. 

"      Gcoriic  F.  Turner,  '•  "  *'  " 

1h;J4.  ,Ie-ge  H.  Leavenworth,       2d  Lk'Utenanf,     Jd  Intautry. 


••      .Toim  ("lit/.,  + 


Cuptaiu, 


Scl 


Uk'il  at  Fort  Miickinfto,  NoVfiiiber  1,  l^ati, 


AMKIMi  A.N     nMI(   Ki:>. 


Iiu'llt. 


183.").  James  V.  IJonifonl.  'iA  Licutonaiit.      vJ«!  Iiif.inty. 

.luliu^  .1.  B.  I\iim-!)ury.     Nt  "  "Jd 

"      MarM-iKi  R.  Patrick.  livi.  -.'d  [.i.-ul..     '2'\ 

lN:!<i.   Kra>tu~  IV  Wolcntt.  Assi-I.  Suri:<'<>ii,   .Mt'iljcui  Dciiartiiitut. 

Jainc^  \V.  AinltTx)!!,  'Jd  Licutonant.      '-Jil  Inlantiv. 

l^.WK   Sainiicl  McKcu/.it',  Captain.  ".M  Aitilicrv. 

Arnold  K.  .Toiu'-;, 
Hli>.    IIarvc\-  Ijiitwii. 
"      Joiin  W.  IMirlpv 
"      .Idliii  ('.  PcinlicrtMii. 
1S41.    Hcmy  11. .li. 
"       Patrick  II.  (Jalt. 
"      (r(.'orL;r  ( '.  'riioinas, 

Gcoriic  W.  (ictty. 
"      Ak'.xainli  r  .I(ilin»tiin. 
"       William  (  liai»iiiaii. 
"      Spciici-i   N'orvcll, 
"       Il.iny  Whitiii-, 

.Idllll     .M.   .Inllcs, 

Uiv.  .Ii.liii  O'lJricn. 
Martin   Sroit. 

i.LVi    H.    llold.'M. 

M()M>  Iv  Merrill. 
William  1{m..i. 
John  ('.  l{iiliiu>ou, 
John  Hyiiic. 
Cliarl.'s  ('.  Kccney. 
Gcor-c  ('.  Wc-tcott. 
Sila<  (  a^t-y, 
Joseph  r.  Smith, 

Fred  Stceii'. 
Fra/.ey  .M.  Wiiiair«. 
Michael   1*.  Dnylc. 
Mornan  K.  (ia:;t'. 
('ak'l)F.  I)avi>. 


1S4-2. 
isi:! 


IMl, 
1  s  i:,. 


i>i;. 


•Jd  I.i(.'Utt.'nant.  '■.'d 

Ciiiitain.  ttli 

l-i  Lieutenant.  IMi 

•M  ■•  tth 

Assist.  Siiriicon,  Meilical  DrpMitment 

Captain.  Itli  Artillery. 

l>-t   Lieutenant,  1th 

•Jd  '•  till 

Captain.  ■"ith  Inlaiitry. 

Is!  IJcutcnant.  "ith 

2d  •'  ."ith 

•Jd  ••  :.tii 

l>vt.  -Jd  Liful.,  .'Mil 

Chaplain. 

Captain.  "ith 

A'^.si^t.  Suiufon,  Medical   I)eparimenr. 

Captain.  '')th  Inlan'iy. 

l>t    liiclltelKUlt.  .'(Ill 

•,'d  "  r,th 

As.sist.  Surgeon.  Medical  Depart ment. 
•  <             < •  ■■  It 

Vjd  LieUleiiant,  "Jd  IntalUiy. 

Captain.  'M 

]\\\.  '2d  Lieut.,  '.Ill 

:.tii 

Captain.  l.")lh 

',M  Lieutenant,  l")th 

Captain.  l-l  .Mich,  N'oN. 

','d  Lieutenant.  l-l 


William  F.  Chittenden.      *,M 


1st 


William  .N .  K.  IJcall. 
(  inirles  IL  Laiiiard. 


Hvl.  -^A  Lieiii..     Ith  Infantry. 
Capt.dn,  lili 


m 


.\SS\\.>    nV     lolM     MAf   KINAt 


1S41». 

ls.-,(». 
is.-,i. 
lsr,-.>. 


ls:,t. 


isr.r. 

is:.!  I. 
1  s(;-,». 


Iliiaiii  Diyci-, 

.lu-iph    15.     IllnWll, 

.Imm.|,i,  I..  TidlKilI, 
Cliiirlcs  H.  L;iul., 
David  A.   liu^^  'll, 
'I'lioiiias  Williams, 
(u'uip'  W.  liains. 
•lacol)  CulltL'i"t>on, 
•Inscph  li.  I'ailcy, 
Joseph  B.  Hiown, 
Joliii  II.  (irclainl, 
H.lward  F.  IJa-lcy, 
AVilliain  K.  'i'mill, 
Joseph  H.  Wheelock, 
Joliii  By  nil', 
ArnoM  El/.cy, 
lUiiry  lUiisnii, 
(Juilfnnl  D.  Railcy, 
llriiry  C.  Pratt, 
Henry  A.  Snialley, 
John  F.  Ilea.l, 
William  A.  llamnionil, 
(Jcori:!-  L.  IIart>ulT, 
(rivivcr  S.  Woi-mcr, 
Klias  F.  Sutt')ii, 
Luiiis  Ilartmcyrr, 

JailKS    Klin.X, 


■J(i  Lictitfiiaiif .  4lli  Iiilaiitry. 

As>i>t.  Sui iii'on,  .Mcilir.il  Di'partiiifiit. 

livt.  -,'(1  Lieut,,  -Ith  Iiilaiitiy. 

A^-i-t.  SurLienii,  Medical   Deparliiient. 

IsT  Lieiiti'iiaiit.  4tli  Infantry. 

Captain,  4tli  Artillery. 

I^t  Lieutenant,  -Itli 

■,'d  ■•  4tli 

Captain.  ]\Iedical  Department. 

A>-^i^t.  Surgeon, 

1-t  Lieutenant,  4tli  ArtilleiT. 

•M  "  4ih 

Nt  '•  4tli 

1st  •'  4tli 

A>^i-t.  Surii-eiin,  .Medieid   I)epartineiit. 

Captain,  '^'d  Ai-tillery. 

1st  Lieutenant,  ■2i\ 

■l\  "  2d 

Captain,  Q(\ 

■Jd  Lieutenant,  2d 

Captain,  Medical  Department. 

1-t  Lieutenant,  'id  Artillery. 

Captain.   Stamon  (Juard^.   Midi.  Vuls. 

1-t  Lieutenant,  •• 

■2d 

Chai)lain,  3Iicli.  ^'l)^. 


Charles;  ^\^  Le  I'uulillier.   A«i<t.  Sur::eon,    1st  Minn.  Iid'v.  N'u^ 


iNiii;.   Jerrv  N.  llil 


aiilam. 


Vet.  lies.  ( 


<'V\)- 


WashinLitun  L.  Wood,        "Jd  Lieutenant. 


IHCiT.  John  Milchell, 
"      Edwin  C.  Caskill, 
"      Julius  Stonunell. 
1N»1!).   Leslie  Smith, 
John  Leonard. 
Mattliew  M;irklaild, 
1S7I».    Sauuiel  S.  Jessup, 
1^171.   Thomas  Sharp. 


Capl.ain, 


4;id  Iidanti'V 


1st  Lieutenant,     4:!d 


3d 

Captain. 

1st  Lieutenant,     1st 


4;)d 
1st 


2.1 


1st 


Captain.  ^ledical  r)e|iartnient. 

1st  Lieutenant.     1-t  Int'antrv. 


ANn:i:i(  A.N    nii  j,  j.  |. 


lirilt. 


liriit. 


UCllt. 


ncilt. 


Iiclll 


i^:>*.  Wiiii.iiu  M.  X 


'^'■■^"U.  ('ai)laiii. 


l^'TI.   Ciiarl.s  J.  I) 


HKr\- 


-'"iin  .McA.  W'cl. 


.1.  Viiinr  I),.  Hi 


'<■"■'.   Alt'ivil  L.  Iluii-ii 


1>^7(!    .I(.v,.],li  I}u>li, 
"      Thdiuas  II.  F 


Ficldiiiii-  L.  n.ivi 


OS, 


im::.  ci 


larl.-  A.  \V 


rljl), 


'■      Vvlfv  MolVut, 
l>^:s.    O-rar  I).   Lulk-y. 
I^'TI*.    Kdwin   H.  Sri k' IS, 
Charlo  L.  Davis, 

'■      Dwiulit  H.  Krit 


Walter  T.  I)i 
Hn-anliH  Kldridi 
I-Mward  II.  PI 
(n'oriic  \V.  Ad 


ii;::aii. 


unimcc 


l>^>^-2.    William  II.  ( 


111- 


url.tii.sicr. 


Mrdii  a!  Dcpartiiiiiii. 


(' 


i|'taii), 


•^'•-M  lijtaiitrv 


'<''■,  "-M  Lic'Utcuaiit,      •J-.id 


H'lii^'.  ('i|)tain. 


M 

( 


ijur, 

iptaiii. 


Medical  Depailiiieiit. 

'-'.'d   I II  taut  IT. 

n2d 


'■"•'^"i",  1-t  Lieutenant,     ','0d 


-d  oo,, 

t^'iil'taiii,  '.J-id 

'"'l;t'ice,  •..>,[  Lieutenant.      '^•2i\ 


John  a.  I 

Tiieodme  Mo.^lier,  Jr.,         •^>d 


Captain. 


l>t  Lieutrnant,     "i.M  Lit, 


Medical  I)<  partnienr. 


inti-v. 


Cant, 


nil. 


Kitii 

MHh 


"".  l^t  Lieutenant,      Ki 


1st  "  1(1,1, 

'-''1  "  101  h 

-M  ■*  Kdli 

^'■'i't:nn.  Medi.al  D.-parf nient 


Xnl 


uent. 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


33  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


'^  lillllpy  .;,; , 
i'oillt      V 


/  V 


HON.  W-^M.  P.  PRESTON, 
President  of  Mackinac. 


iiiHisli  I.aiiilji 


(\ 


A 


/ 


/I'>lll.l?l   s 


Ill's  Ol 


N 

A 


Map  of 


jAncKi^m  igwND, 


MICHIGAN. 


EDUrL.,la.-...r(Jih:rl..  A<t  ,.<  Cnuirrvii  in  lS8i  by 
D.  II.  Keltun. 

Scale,  2  inches  to  1  Mile. 


Rock 


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.l(lll.\-.IA('Oli-ASTOilllorSK 

MACKINAC   ISLAND, 


nyciCHiiG-^^nsr. 


lol{.\n;i;LV 


"J  I<';i(l(|iia  I'tci  •  of  tlic  Ai(it'i'i(';iii    Fii  r-( '<»in  pii  tiy 


I  h'iiih;  ii;i  rt  f'l's  of  A  i"!n\-   iiiid    .\;i\-\-    (  )tli('('i-s. 


€" 


IlK  AS'l'OlJ  HorSK  i>  coiivciiit'iitly  locatcl,  m;ai;  the 
-  Soiitlu  rii  cut  I'aiicf  to  I''<>i:i' Ma<i<ina(  ;  is  jiroxi'lcil  witli 
ti'ixxl  rodiii"^,  <_;(Mi(l  ltc(ls,  laro'c  narlors,  two  pianos,  four  Idlliaril 
laldt's.  Ijatli  I'ooiiis,  l>arlu-r\  <lio|i,  tclcjilioiics,  IarL;;('  otlicc-  aii«l 
I'cailiiii:'  room,  tiiu'  vcraiKla^,  and  an  ohscrvatory  on  the  tojt  oi' 
the  main  Iniildinu". 

Fi-csii    Milk,    IJuttcr,    Eu-u's,    etc,    daily    from   tin-  "Astor 
'arm. 

(iiicsts  of  this  lioiisc  oM.v,  have  acrcss  to  tliL'  Original 
JJoohy  of  tlo'  old  American  Fur  Compani/,  which  have  at  tract  c«l 
so  mmdi  attention  iVom  the  Ant Kjiiarians  of  Kiiroj>e  ami 
jVnierica. 


ACCOMMODATIONS  FOR  m  GUESTS. 


JAMES    F    CABLE, 

JOHN    R.  BOGAN,  Proprietor. 


Clerk. 


Saint  Cloii)  Hotel 


MACTvINAC  ISLAN  I), 


l^XCTBLXGrJ^JSr. 


SITUATED    upon    ht-autifulK     tt-r  Mced    L;|-i)mi(ls    ox  (.-rlodkm;;-   tin- 
Hart)!):'  and    Straits  of    M.ickinac.     Is   coiiiplL-iL'  and   inodtrn  in 
all  its  appcMntiiitrnts,  and  furnished  in  t.ht-  <  Hum  Anne  sl\',e. 
The    SainI'    Cioid    H<mi;l  offers   inducements  to   Tourists  and 
pleasure  seekers  thai  ;;re  un>uri\asse(i.     its  corps  (.>)  colored  ^rervanis 
is  the  best,   while   its   culinary  dejiartnieiu   is   under  the   charj^e   of    a 
C//t-/  dc  Cuisine,  en;>;ai;ed  at  greril  expense. 

Its  elegant   broad  verandas,  its  large,  airw  well  ventilated  rooms,  its 

OPERATIC   SINGERS 


AND   ITS 


Famous  STRING  BAND 


are  attractions  by  which  this  Hotel  has  gained  its  world-wide  repu- 
tation, and  which  no  one  can  disregard  in  the  selection  of  a  home- 
like stopping  place  while  soj)urning  on   this 


LOVELY  AND  ROMANTIC  ISL 


K 


WENDELL  k  M( DONALD, 

31 1 


jijiii{iij;ers. 


] 


*!' 


Hon.  T.  W.  FERRY.  Ex-U.  S.  Senator. 


W 


CT 


Bai 


IS 


'^ 


MISSION  HOUSE 


MACKINAC  ISLAND, 


n^d:ioi^iGi-.^3sr. 


E.  A.  FRANKS, 


PROPRIETOR. 


Delighifully  siLuatecl  in  ilie 

NATIONAL  PARK    - 

Within    •f\    short   distance  of   Ar^-n     Rock,    Fairy    Aicli, 
Kelton's  Pyramid,  Giant's  CaLise\A/'ay  and 

Robertson's  Folly. 


-^rlccoiHMiodatioiM  oi  ^^^^  fiiiot 


A 


MISSION    HOUSE 


OminlDuses  and  Baggage  Wagons  at  every  Boat. 


Barber's  Shop  and  Bath  Rooms,  Bo>A/ling  Alleys,  Bil- 
liard Tables,  Ro>a/^  Boats,  Telephones,  Etc.,  Etc., 
connected  >A^i.th  the  House. 


SIIABONEE. 


u 


^ 


Cip^^GOv^lFriQllITIES- 


a 


Bv  H.  H.  HURLBUT. 


va^i  number  of  old  MSS  Schedules,  Lists  of 
Names,  Autographs,  Sketches  of  eminent  nien 
5^^  and  theif  families,  Celebrated  Indians,  their 
Wars  and  Treaties,  Portraits,  Mai^s  and  Plates, 
all  which,  connected  with  a  racy,  running  comment- 
ary n^Din  a  free  and  easy  pen,  make  up  the  iDody  of 
the  work,  and  furnish  one  of  the  most  entertaining 
and  at  the  same  time  valuable  historical  books  yet 
pulDlished.  It  is  .executed  in  the  best  style  C)I  typo- 
graphical art.  and  best  of  all,  this  great  storehouse  of 
historical  and  genealogical  information  is  rendered 
readily  available  by  an  excellent  index,  the  lack  '^f 
which  has  spoiled  so  many  otherwise  really  valual)le 

works. — '-'"^l.  ;>.  i"H'i.'l.  an6  Cloiu-al'.  'c^K'.ii.>K':. 


This  volume  will  l^e  sent,  express  charges 
paid,  to  those  who  may  order  it.  Price, 
$7.50  C.  O.   D. 

Address, 

Miss  Hattie  P.  Hurlbut, 

CHICAGO,  ILL. 


it 


PREPARING  FOR  THE  PRESS 


I  H 


(liir  Inland  Si\is,  ami  Eai'li  iate  layi^'i 

By  HENRY  H.  HURLBUT, 

Author  ef  "  Chicasc  Antiquities." 


ME-TE-A. 


J.  W.  DAVIS  &  SON, 

AT 

THE   BLUE  FRONT  STORE, 

DKALKKS    IN 

STAPLE  AND  FAXCY  (iHOt'ERIES,  DUY  GOODS/ 

HOOTS  AND  SnOES.  HARDV.'ARE.  TINWAJfE.  OHOCKEKV. 
PAINTS  AND  OILS,  CORDAGE,  TOILET  SOAPS. 

PE'^FUMERV.  PLAIN   AND   FANCY   STATIONERY. 
YANKEE  NOTIONS.  '   ■ 

SUMMER  SPECIALTIES- 
CONFECTIONERY,  FRUITS,  CIGARS  a:;d  SMOKERS  GOODS. 

SUPPLIES  FOR  PICNICS  AND  FISHING  PARTIES- 

Annai.s  of  Fout  MArK.NAc,  History  of  Old  and  New  Mackinaw. 
•'  Axne,"  a  Novel,  by  C(jnstance  Feuimore  Woolson. 

A  COMPLETE  STOCK  OF  FISHING  TACKLE. 

Our  line  of  Cigars  includes  "Tansill's  Puncl,  '  and  ''llierr  Aldnch\s 
LaPatria." 

ROW    BOATS  TO    LET. 

AGENTS    FOR 

Steamer  "MESSENGER,"  running  from  CHEBOYGAN  to  M  VNIS 
TIQIE  via  MACKINAC,  ST.  IGNACE.  GILCHRI.sT  SCOTTS 
POINT,  and  all  Shore  Points. 

Steamer  "A.  C.  VAN  RAALTE,"  running  from  CHEIJOYGVX  to 
bALLT  STE.  MARIE  via  ST.  IGXACE  and  MACKINAC. 


In  the  novel  "Axxe,"  the  visitor  to  Maekinac  will  find  a  romance  of 
unusual  interest.     The  plot  is  lai.l  or  opened  on  the  Island  of  Mackinac 
It  has  adnurable  sketches  of  Island  Scenery  and  descriptions  of  Ancient 
Ishmders,  habits  and  condition. 


North  Sally  roit. 


S.    FAFililiM. 


E.    A.    F.MiRKM. 


J.  J.  r 


T.  T.  VanAksdale. 


P^^Fi^EIjL  BI^OTpEP  ^  60. 


WHOLESALE  AND  RETAIL 


Hardware  Merchants 


ST.  IGNACE,  }AICU. 


In  i\>k\ns  your  patrouage,  we  do  so  fVeling  contident  of  pleasing  you, 

ooth  in  tlie 

Quality  of  our  Goods  and  in  our  Schedule  of  Prices. 

As  we  Iniy  largely  from  manufacturers,  we  are  prepared  to  offer  Jobbers' 
Prices  (ju  everything  in  our  line  where  (piantity  is  re(iuired,  and  those 
luiyiug  in  smaller  lots  will  receive  the  advantage  of  our  low  purchases. 
Our  stock  will  at  all  times  be  found  complete  in 

inoX.  NAILS,  AGKR'ULTUKAL  IMPLEMENTS,  HOPE, 
nriLDING  PAPER,  TINWARE,  SASH,  DOORS,  P.LINDS, 
PAINTS,  OILS.  GLASS.   PUTTY,  LAMP  GOODS,   BLOCKS, 
SEWIN(;  MAGHIXES,  LEATHER  and  liUIiBER  in-:LTING, 
RUBBER,  HEMP  and  S()APST0NE  PACKINCJ,   Etc., 

And  in  all  other  goods  found  in  a  first-class  Hardware  Store.  We  carry 
al>o  a  Full  Line  of  WIRE  <;0()DS,  consisting  of  FLOWER  STANDS, 
BIPJ)  rA(4ES,  HANGING  BASKETS,  Etc.  Also,  Silvhu  Plated 
Goods.  FisiiiNfi  Tackle.  Etc.     Every  description  ot 

WOOD  AND  COAL  STOVHS  AND  RANGIiS. 

AGENTS  FOR  STANDARD  OIL  COMPANY'S  OILS, 
All  Orders  will  be  promptly  niled  and  Delivered  in  Town  Free  of  Charge. 


TECUMSEH. 


I 


I 


REl 


ESX-A.BX.ISECEaD     XS54. 


JOHN  R.  BAILEY. 


DEALER    IN 


^i(i<)6  and  "^(Amm 

And  all  other  Goods   usually  found 
in  a  first-class  Drug  Store, 

"ANNALS  OF  FORT  MACKINAC," 

BOOKS,   STATIONERY, 

CONFECTIONERY, 

Pure  Wines  and  Liquors  for  Medicinal  Purposes. 

PBESCEIPTIONS  CiEEPITLLY  COMPOUNDED. 

Dr.  John  R.  Bailey 

U.  S.  EXAMINING  SURGEON. 

Late  Surgeon  U.  S.  Vols.,  late  Attend iug-Surgeou  at 
Fort  iMackinac. 

RESIDENCE,  adioliiiiig  Island  House.  OFFICE,  iii  Dru?  Store. 

store  and  Residence  connected  by  Telephone. 


H 


View  in  Fort. 


TliE 


i(.x\Aa:i!i;i>LM;Li(  AX 


P.   I).   I]ISSELL,  Editor, 

ST.  IGNAOE,  MACKINAC  CO.,  MICH., 

jrS  I'ri.LisHED  every  Saturday  morning-  at  St. 
7'-  iL^nace,  the  most  southern  point  of  the  Upper 
Peninsula  of  Michigan,  at  the  Straits  terminus  of 
the  Detroit,  Mackinac  and  Marcpiette  Railroad. 
J  he  RFi-rin.icAX  is  a  representative  newspaper  of 
the  orrowing  city  of  St.  Igxace— not  inaptly  termed 
the  "Gateway  City"  of  i\(jKTiiERN  Michigan — 
having  for  its  chief  aim  the  diffusion  of  such  reliable 
information  regarding  the  city  wherein  published, 
the  famed  Macki  VAC  Islaxd  Summer  Resort,  the 
County  of  Mackinac,  and  the  whole  Upper  Penin- 
sula region,  as  will  be  of  interest  to  the  general 
reader,  and  contribute  to  the  development  and 
settlement  of  a  section  hitherto  overlooked,  even 
by  the  people  of  our  own  Commonwealth,  which 
offers  to  the  farmer  and  the  laboring  man,  the  lum- 
berman and  miner,  the  tradesman  and  manufac- 
turer, and  all  conditions  of  men,  a  nyost  desirable 
field  for  settlement  and  investment 


ADVERTISING    RATES: 

PEU    INCH    SPACE. 

Transient  Am  ektise.ments,  per  month, 

Six  :\Ionth^.        .        .        .     >j;(i  {){)      One  Year,     . 

TERMS: 
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10  00 

$1  OO 


MIC-^AEL  McNALLY 


PATRICK   DONNELLY. 


McNally  &  Donnelly 


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Mc.\'((/h/  (S'  honiiclhi  Ih'U  to  inform  the  /fuh- 
lic  Unit  t lie  11  hare  ('(msta nttij  on  hand  tltc 
fofl(fU-in<J  /ji'ovisions,  wltich  arc  stored   in  tlicir 

MAMMOTH  REFRIGERATORS. 

Beef,  Bacon,  Trout,  Geese, 

Mutton,        Hams,  Oysters,  Butter, 

Veal,  Lard,  Chickens,         Eggs, 

Pork,  Sausage,  Ducks,  Cheese, 

Venison,      Whitefish,         Turkeys,  Salt, 

AND    ALL    KINDS    OF 

Choice  Vegetables  received   Daily  by  Express 


VESSELS  PROVISIONED  AT  SHORTEST  NOTICE. 


Contractors  for  supplying  Bet^f  to  the  United  States  Troops  at   P'ort 

Mackinac,   Michigan. 

Pasturage  for  Horses  ami  Cattle  ai  Reasonable  Rates. 


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ERICSSON'S 

Improved  Caloric  Puiiiiiiiig"  !•  ii,<^"iiic 

Is  specially  intemlt'd  I'it  domestic  use  in  lifting  aiul 
InrMnK  \\ater  liom  wells  or  ciitt-riis,  or  linm  wati-r 
pipes  to  tank;-  on  upper  fluot^,  Idi  ihe  supply  o!  buiKl- 
iiiKs  in  city  or  country.  Can  be  run  wuli  gas,  coal, 
charcoal,  etc.     ( )ver  5,000  in  use. 

6-inch  cylimler,  pumping  20<i  t^'allons  {)er  hour  50  tt. 

With  ( ias  lurnaie ^210  ot5 

With  Coal   I'urnace 230  lO 

8-inch  cylinder,  pumping;  350  gallons  per  hour  50  ft. 

With  ( ias  1  urnace $260  ex  > 

With  Coal  Furnace 275  00 

12-inch  cylinder,  pumping  60  gallons  per  hour  50  ft. 
With  Coal  Furnace,  <ini> #350  00 

i2-int  h  duplex  cylimlers,  punipin;;   i2')0  gallons  50  ft. 
With  Coal  I  urnace,  imly S550  co 

Also  full  line  of  Stea'.i  Pumps.  Direct  acting. 


RIDER 

Improved  Compression  Caloric  Pumping  Engine 

lor  pumping  water  for  Hotels,  Business  Blocks, 
Watei-1  iaiance  I^levators,  Irrii;ati(jn,  .Vrmy  Posts, 
Ranches,  etc.  We  make  two  sixes  to  burn  cual, 
charcoal,  and  wood,  as  follows  : 

6-inch    cylinder    pumping  800  gallons   per   hour 

70  f(-et ^40  J  00 

10-inch  cylinder,  pumping'  3000  gallons  per  hour 
70  feet $700  00 

R.ith  styles  I  if  engines  are  entirely  safe,  no  steam 
being  emi^loyed,  and  arc  not  hable  to  derange- 
ment. No  valves  !  .\o  e.Khaust !  Still  running! 
Absolutely  safe  1     Anyone  can  operate. 

Made  strictly  on  the  interchangeable  plan,  w  ith 
duplicate  parts  to  fit,  so  that  any  part  or  piece  can 
be  supjilied  if  necessary.  Can  pump  to  a  greater 
or  lesser  height  than  50  or  70  feet  by  increasmg  or 
decreasing  diameter  uf  pump. 

The  above  prices  include  engine,  pump,  air- 
chamber,  vacuum  chamber,  furnace,  oil,  lutjricat- 
ing  can  and  wn-nch. 

M.\yCFACTfRED   BY 

DKLAMATKl!   IIIO.X  WOIIKS, 

C.  H,  DELAMATEE  k  CO.,  Pnpi'letors,  16  Corilaiiilt  St„  New  Ycrt  N,  Y,.  U.  S.  A, 

H.  P.  SANGER,  Bank  .Block,  Detroit,  Special  Agent. 
Send  pjr  De.scuiptive  Catalooce. 


ii 


ARCH   ROCK. 


IIICIIAIIII  IMirLlil'IIT, 

(Fnrnirrly  H  rcsldi^rif  of  Kkik,  P.\.) 

Ill  business  at  MACKINAC  since  1851. 

DEAIiEB  IN 

General  Merchandise 

INCLUDING 

Ladies  and  Gents'  Furnishinir  Goods, 
Carpets,  Rugs,  Matting, 

Millinery  and  Straw  Goods, 
Boots  and  Shoes, 

Glox'es  and  Parasols, 
Wall  Paper  and  Window  Blinds, 
Confectioner)',  Etc. 
Laces, 

Velvets  and 

Dress  Goods 
Generally. 

3IACKINAC  ISLAXD.  MICHIGAN. 


Block  House  Built  in  178U. 


C.  W.  CASKEY, 

Contractor.es  Builder 


OF- 


SUMMER  COTTAGES 

At  Mackinac  Island  and  Harbor  Point 

Resorts. 


-AND   DEALER   IN- 


LUMBER,  LATH,  SHINGLES,  and  ALL  KLNDS  of  BUILDING  MATERIAL 

Lumber  Yards  at  Harbor  Springs  aucl  Point  St.  Iguaoe. 


I  have  the  largest  experience  in  the  building  and  arranging  of 
Summer  Cottages  of  any  one  in  Michigan,  having  built  over  fifty 
last  season,  and  have  contracts  on  hand  now — April  35th,  i88-^— 
amounting  to  over  Twenty-tive  Thousand  Dollars. 

I  have  Lots  for  sale  on  all  the  resorts  of  Northern  Michigan,  at 
prices  from  Fifty  to  Six  Hundred  Dollars  each.  Any  information 
regarding  the  SUMMER  RESORTS  will  be  cheerfully  given,  and 
Plans  and  PRICES  for  Cottages  furnished  on  application. 

Address  : 

CHAS.  W.  CASKEY, 

Harbor  Springs,  Hmniet  Co.,  Muh. 


(    i 


LITTLE  TURTLE. 


INDIAN  CURIOSITIES. 


W.W.WENDELL'S 

)IAN  ALHAMBRA 


MACKINAC  ISLAND,  MICH. 


Best  Assortment  in  the  Northwest  of  Rare  Shells,  Minerals, 
Lake  Superior  Agates  and  Amethysts,  Indian  Pipes, 
Wampum,  War-Clubs,  Tomahawks,  Scalping  Knives, 
Indian  Head-Dresses,  Eagles'  Feathers,  Bears'  Claws, 
Porcupine   Skins,    Bows   and   Arrows,   Arrow   Heads, 
Spears,  Boomerangs,  Snow-Shoes,   M?.ckinac  Canes, 
Fishing  Poles,  Etc.,  and  all  kinds  of  CURIOSITIES. 
A  beautiful  Line  of  Porcupine-Quill  and  Sweet-Grass  Work, 
Including  Scented  Table-Mats,  Canoes,  Satchels, 

Portfolios,  Reticules,  Handkerchief  Boxes, 

Miniature  Mococks  of  Maple  Sugar. 


Call  aiii  see  IiiUaiis  at  Work  maMng  tlie  Articles  we  offer  for  sale. 


ANNALS  OF  FORT  MACKINAC. 


Headquarters  for  Licensed  ''GUIDES"  to  accompany  Pedestrians  in 
making  the  tour  of  the  Island;  they  will  help  you  SAVE  STEPS, 
TIME  and   MONEY. 


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View  from  Steps  of  P.  E.  Church. 


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H.  P.  Sanger. 


F.  W.  Noble. 


SANGER  &  Noble, 

The  DELAMATEE  IRON  WOEKS,  New  York. 
The  ERICSSON  HOT  AIR  PUMPING  ENGINE. 

The  RIDER  COMPRESSION  HOT  AIR  PUMPING  ENGINE. 
The  PHCENIX  ENGINE  WORKS,  Meadville,  Pa. 

The  NOTEMAN  ROTARY  ENGINE  &  PUMP  CO..  Toledo,  0. 
The  COLUMBUS  STEAM  PUMP  CO.,  Columbus,  0. 

AND 

Victor  Colliaii's  Improved  Cupola  Furnace, 

AND 

THE    CLINTON   WIRE  WORKS  WIRE   LATH    FOR 
FIREPROOFING    BUILDINGS, 

Office^  Room  24  Bank  Block,  DETROIT,  MICH, 


ESPECIAL  ATTENTIOIT  GIVEN  TO  ALL  SINDS  OF  HYDEAULIC  WOEE. 


S.  DOW  ELWOOD,  G.  W.  LLOYD, 

A.  CHAPATON,  Jr.  C.  VALETTE   KA5S0N, 

GEO,  F.   MOORE,  STANDART   BROS 

LIEUT.  D.  H.  KELTON,   U,  S.  A. 


We  furnished  to  the  U.  S.  Government  the  small 
RIDER  ENGINE  now  in  use  at  FORT  MACKINAC, 
where  it  can  be  seen  at  work  every  a.  m.  from  8  to 
lO  o'clock,  Sundays  excepted. 

The  Engine  was  manufactured  by  Delamater  &  Co., 
of  New  York. 


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PYKAMID  ROCK, 


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MACKINAC     NATIONAL     PAlMv. 

T/u-  liistaiit  horn  soinuis  s'veet  and  rlrar, 
Tooiad,/ent/{rJu/>//,Yo///u'v,ar; 
^'"fto-l  our- Starry"  banners  here. 

We  i^reef  the  throno-  7.'ith  happy  cheers, 
Ami  w/sh  the-  Jolly  Charioteers" 
A  glorious  time  and  many  years. 

^Wl^l  CHAEIOT"  Will  make  regular  tr.ps  over 
>^m  the  beautiful  Island  of  Maokinao,  leaving  the 
hotels  and   steamboat    landings  at   9   a.  m.  and   2  p    m 

ron","pv    ""h°"^"    '"'  ''^"°"'"   ^^'^  to  Arch  Book:  Kei: 
ton  s  Pyramid,  Port  Holmes,   Skull  Care,  Devil's  Kitchen 
Lover's  Leap,  Port  Mackinac,  and  other  places  of  intepes"' 

of  s  natural  scenery,  and  for  the  singular  purity  and 
dellahtTur^''"''"?  °'  "^^  ^"'-  ^'-'°-  Will  find  it 
N:;Sn:[  Park  "'  "'-"^'^  ^'^^^^  P'—  3--S  in  the 

The  drives  wind  here  and  there  in  the  most  enchant- 

est  aZ  s;°°"""."t,"^  unfolding   new  objects  of  inter- 
est  and  scenes  of  beauty. 

A   Guide   Will   accompany   the  "Chariot-   to   furnish 
fun,  philosophy,  and  unwritten  history 

fMn^rf-T!,"'''^^^''  ^""^  ^^^^^y  ^*9^  °^  ^'l  kinds  Will    be 
furnished  at  the  office. 

Vitopticlor. 


Hon.  EDWARD  A.  FRANKS. 
For  33  Years  Proprietor  of  Mission  House. 


Col.  G.  S.  HUBBARD. 
Proprietor  of  Hubbard's  Annex. 


i~- «  _- 


.g  HL'BBARDS  ANXHX.  i 

Q-*  «c-^  J 


,^    N  laying  out  my  ANNEX  to  thk  NATIONAL  I'ARK  n\    rm. 
>J|    ISLAND  OF  MACKINAC,  it  has  been  my  aim  so  to  utilize  the 
O^^   natural  advantages  of  the  location  as  to  make  every  point  attrac- 
tive as  a  place  for  summer  homes. 

Lakeview  Boulevard,  one  hundred  feet  wide,  extends  along  the  bluff 
from  fifteen  to  twenty  feet  distant  from  its  edge,  and  one  hundred  and 
fifty  feet  above  the  lake.  It  is  continued  by  the  United  States  Govern- 
ment through  that  part  of  the  National  Park  adjoining,  to  be  further 
extended  by  the  village  of  Mackinac  authorities  (they  having  passed  an 
order  to  that  effect)  to  the  public  road,  thus  making  a  complete  and 
beautiful  drive  along  the  bluff  of  the  lake. 

Most  of  the  other  streets,  following  the  course  of  the  ravines,  afford 
excellent  roads,  and  give  to  the  lots  rising  on  each  side  the  advantages 
of  elevated  situations  and  fme  views.  The  majority  of  the  lots  are  fmel\ 
wooded  with  numerous  varieties  of  hard  wood  and  evergreens.  About 
one-third  of  the  ANNEX  is  in  streets,  parks  and  open  grounds,  not  to 
be  built  upon. 

A  number  of  cottages,  costing  from  Syooto  $3,500,  are  already  under 
contract,  to  be  completed  by  June,  1883.  For  the  accommodation  of 
families  living  on  these  grounds,  an  Eating  House,  two  stories  high. 
40x80  feet,  has  been  built.  Additional  improvements  on  streets  and 
boulevards  will  be  made  early  the  coming  spring. 

I  will  sell  lots  to  those  who  wiH  build  cottages  thereon  at  a  liberal 
(hscount  on  list  prices. 

For  further  information  apply  to 

G.  S.  HUBBARD, 

/yj  Locust  Street, 


CHICAGO,  ILL 


Block  House.  Built  in  1780. 


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KMLNAKY 


FOR    YOUNG   LADIES 


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At   KIRK  WOOD,   ST.    LOUIS   CO.,  MO. 

(Seven  Miles  from  S/.  I.oitis,  on  the  M.  C.  A'.  A'.) 


The  23(1  Annual  Session  will  open  In  September,  1883, 

Catalogues,  Circulars,  Terms,  etc.,  etc.,  furnished  upon 

application. 


-     iF^A^CTJUiT^S^. 


Miss  ANNA  C.  SNKEL). 

Piincipal. 

Miss  MARY  C.  SNEED, 

Voc.il  and  Instrumental  Music. 

Miss  JEANNETTE  M(  LAGAN, 

Advanced  Department  and  Pen- 
manship. 

Miss  LILY   M.  BRUNER, 

English.  Branches  and  Music. 

Mrs.  HELEN  E.  BARR. 

Primary  Department. 

Miss  BESSIE  N.  SUTHERLAND 
Primary  Assistant. 

Miss  MARY  M.  BARR, 
Music  and  K-ndergarten. 


Miss  BESSIE  BARR, 

Kindergarten  Assistant. 

Rev.  F.  B.   SCHEETZ, 
ICxaminer  in  Patiii. 

Mad.    L.  TINLING, 
trench. 


("lerinan  and  Spanish. 

Miss  ANNA  C.  SNEED, 

Art  Department. 

Prof.  H.  M    BUTLER, 
Violin. 

Mrs.  S.  K.  SNEED, 
Boarding  Department. 


THE   "GRIFFON." 

The  First  Vessel  on  the  Upper  Lakes. 
Built  by  LaSalle,  1679. 


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KAICROAD. 


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BETWEEN  ALL  POINTS  EAST  AND 

Marquette,  Negaunee,  L'Anse,  Ishpeming,  Hough- 
ton, Hancock,   Calumet,    Ontonagon,  Eagle 
Harbor,  Lake  Linden, 


-AND  ALL  PLACES  IN  THE- 


iROJsr  j.xi)  corrER.  regions 

OF  MICHIGAN. 

THE  term  Cmeapf.si-,  SiiuRTHsr,  and  (  U'ICK-I'.si  has  become 
stereotyped,  and  is  undoubtedly  used  at  times  when  it  ought  not 
to  be.  l)Ut  when  we  tell  you  that  we  are  31 1  miles  nearer  the  cities  of 
the  East  (of  which  you  can  satisfy  yourself  by  referring  to  any  general 
Railroad  Guide),  than  any  of  the  lines  I'ia  Chicago,  we  mean  1  i. 

Express  trains  each  way  daily,  and  Accommodation  trains  daily, 
except  Sundays,  between  St.  I(;xace  and  MaR(JUETTE.  at  which  city 
connection  is  made  with  the  \L,  H.  &  O.  R.  R.  for  points  mentioned 
above. 

Our  equipment  will  be  found  tirst-class.  Steel  rails,  I'ullman  Sleep- 
ing-Coaches on  night  tiains,  etc.,  etc.  The  STRAITS  Of  Macki- 
nac are  crossed  on  the  hne  steam  ferry-boat  Alcomah. 

Purchase  Tickets  by  the  Mackinac  Route  fin  Detroi  r,  Mich- 
ic.AN  Central  Railroad,  or  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Rail- 
road, or  on  Palace  Steamer  Cir\  <M  Cli'A'ELAND  from  Detroit,  or 
New  Enc.l-and  Transportation  Line  Boats  from  Chicago  and 
Collingwood,  and  Detroli,  Mackinac  ».\:  Marcjietie  Railroad. 

Unsurpassed  Huntinc.  and  Fisnixo  at  points  along  the  Line 
of  the  D.,  ^L  X:  ^L  R.  R.     For  further  information  apply  to 

D.  McCOOL,  (Jon'l  Supt,  P.  MILLIGAN,  (Jenl  Puss.  Ag't, 

Marquette,  Mich.  Marquette,  Mich- 


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FOUT  M^4.CI^Il\r^C 


BY 


D  W'  I  G  H  T    \\.     K  E  L  T  O  N , 

r.    S.    ARMY. 


REVISED    EDITION 
1883. 


FOR    SALE    BY 

{See  Mackinac  Island  Advcrtisoiients) 

R.  S.   Mc(;AR\'IE.  Newsdealer,  St.  Icxace,  Mich. 

L.  I.  WILLETS,  Postmaster  and  Merchant,  Macrixaw  City,  Mich. 

Dr.  E.  I.  M.  LACY.  Druggist  and    Stationer,  Sault  Ste.  Marie, 
Mich. 

ROBERT  CLARKE  &  CO.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

JAMES  ANGLIM  &  CO.,  Washington,  D.  C. 


Sent  post-paid  on  receipt  of  Price. 


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